IEEE Press
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Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding
EXIT-Chart-Aided Near-Capacity Designs for Wireless Channels
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Covering the full range of channel codes from the most conventional through to the most advanced, the second edition of Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding is a self-contained reference on channel coding for wireless channels. The book commences with a historical perspective on the topic, which leads to two basic component codes, convolutional and block codes. It then moves on to turbo codes which exploit iterative decoding by using algorithms, such as the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP), Log-MAP and Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA), comparing their performance. It also compares Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM), Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Iterative BICM (BICM-ID) under various channel conditions.
The horizon of the content is then extended to incorporate topics which have found their way into diverse standard systems. These include space-time block and trellis codes, as well as other Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) schemes and near-instantaneously Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM). The book also elaborates on turbo equalisation by providing a detailed portrayal of recent advances in partial response modulation schemes using diverse channel codes.
A radically new aspect for this second edition is the discussion of multi-level coding and sphere-packing schemes, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts, as well as an introduction to the family of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes.
This new edition includes recent advances in near-capacity turbo-transceivers as well as new sections on multi-level coding schemes and of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes
• Comparatively studies diverse channel coded and turbo detected systems to give all-inclusive information for researchers, engineers and students
• Details EXIT-chart based irregular transceiver designs
• Uses rich performance comparisons as well as diverse near-capacity design examples.
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Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow
by Alexander Eigeles Emanuel
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Professor Emanuel uses clear presentation to compare and facilitate understanding of two seminal standards, The IEEE Std. 1459 and The DIN 40110-2:2002-11. Through critical analysis of the most important and recent theories and review of basic concepts, a highly accessible guide to the essence of the standards is presented.
Key features:
• Explains the physical mechanism of energy flow under different conditions: single- and three-phase, sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal, balanced and unbalanced systems
• Starts at an elementary level and becomes more complex, with six core chapters and six appendices to clarify the mathematical aspects
• Discusses and recommends power definitions that played a significant historical role in paving the road for the two standards
• Provides a number of original unsolved problems at the end of each chapter
• Introduces a new nonactive power, the Randomness power.
Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow is useful for electrical engineers and consultants involved in energy and power quality. It is also helpful to engineers dealing with energy flow quantification, design and manufacturing of metering instrumentation, consultants working with regulations related to renewable energy courses and the smart grid, and electric utility planning and operation engineers dealing with energy bill structure. The text is also relevant to university researchers, professors, and advanced students in power systems, power quality and energy related courses.
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Near-Capacity Variable-Length Coding
Regular and EXIT-Chart-Aided Irregular Designs
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 24 of the IEEE Press series
Recent developments such as the invention of powerful turbo-decoding and irregular designs, together with the increase in the number of potential applications to multimedia signal compression, have increased the importance of variable length coding (VLC). Providing insights into the very latest research, the authors examine the design of diverse near-capacity VLC codes in the context of wireless telecommunications.
The book commences with an introduction to Information Theory, followed by a discussion of Regular as well as Irregular Variable Length Coding and their applications in joint source and channel coding. Near-capacity designs are created using Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. The latest techniques are discussed, outlining radical concepts such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) aided construction of diverse VLC codes. The book concludes with two chapters on VLC-based space-time transceivers as well as on frequency-hopping assisted schemes, followed by suggestions for future work on the topic.
• Surveys the historic evolution and development of VLCs
• Discusses the very latest research into VLC codes
• Introduces the novel concept of Irregular VLCs and their application in joint-source and channel coding
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MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WiFi and WiMAX
Coherent versus Non-coherent and Cooperative Turbo Transceivers
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 26 of the IEEE Press series
“MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WIFI and WIMAX: Coherent versus Non-Coherent and Cooperative Turbo-Transceivers” provides an up-to-date portrayal of wireless transmission based on OFDM techniques augmented with Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) and Spatial-Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The volume also offers an in-depth treatment of cutting-edge Cooperative Communications.
This monograph collates the latest techniques in a number of specific design areas of turbo-detected MIMO-OFDM wireless systems. As a result, a wide range of topical subjects are examined, including channel coding and multiuser detection (MUD), with a special emphasis on optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) MUDs, reduced-complexity genetic algorithm aided near-ML MUDs and sphere detection. The benefits of spreading codes as well as joint iterative channel and data estimation are only a few of the radical new features of the book.
Also considered are the benefits of turbo and LDPC channel coding, the entire suite of known joint coding and modulation schemes, space-time coding as well as SDM/SDMA MIMOs within the context of various application examples. The book systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems; the depth of discussions increases towards the end of the book.
• Discusses many state-of-the-art topics important to today's wireless communications engineers.
• Includes numerous complete system design examples for the industrial practitioner.
• Offers a detailed portrayal of sphere detection.
• Based on over twenty years of research into OFDM in the context of various applications, subsequently presenting comprehensive bibliographies.
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Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems
by Remus Teodorescu
Part 29 of the IEEE Press series
Grid converters are the key player in renewable energy integration. The high penetration of renewable energy systems is calling for new more stringent grid requirements. As a consequence, the grid converters should be able to exhibit advanced functions like: dynamic control of active and reactive power, operation within a wide range of voltage and frequency, voltage ride-through capability, reactive current injection during faults, grid services support.
This book explains the topologies, modulation and control of grid converters for both photovoltaic and wind power applications. In addition to power electronics, this book focuses on the specific applications in photovoltaic wind power systems where grid condition is an essential factor.
With a review of the most recent grid requirements for photovoltaic and wind power systems, the book discusses these other relevant issues:
• modern grid inverter topologies for photovoltaic and wind turbines
• islanding detection methods for photovoltaic systems
• synchronization techniques based on second order generalized integrators (SOGI)
• advanced synchronization techniques with robust operation under grid unbalance condition grid filter design and active damping techniques
• power control under grid fault conditions, considering both positive and negative sequences
“Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems” is intended as a coursebook for graduated students with a background in electrical engineering and also for professionals in the evolving renewable energy industry.
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Nonlinear Distortion in Wireless Systems
Modeling and Simulation with MATLAB
by Khaled M. Gharaibeh
Part 32 of the IEEE Press series
This book covers the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in wireless communication systems with MATLAB simulations and techniques.
In this book, the author describes the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in single and multichannel wireless communication systems using both deterministic and stochastic signals. Models and simulation methods of nonlinear amplifiers explain in detail how to analyze and evaluate the performance of data communication links under nonlinear amplification. The book addresses the analysis of nonlinear systems with stochastic inputs and establishes the performance metrics of communication systems with regard to nonlinearity. In addition, the author also discusses the problem of how to embed models of distortion in system-level simulators such as MATLAB and MATLAB Simulink and provides practical techniques that professionals can use on their own projects. Finally, the book explores simulation and programming issues and provides a comprehensive reference of simulation tools for nonlinearity in wireless communication systems.
Key Features:
• Covers the theory, models and simulation tools needed for understanding nonlinearity and nonlinear distortion in wireless systems
• Presents simulation and modeling techniques for nonlinear distortion in wireless channels using MATLAB
• Uses random process theory to develop simulation tools for predicting nonlinear system performance with real-world wireless communication signals
• Focuses on simulation examples of real-world communication systems under nonlinearity
• Includes an accompanying website containing MATLAB code
This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers, RF engineers, and communication system engineers working in the field. Graduate students and professors undertaking related courses will also find the book of interest.
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Optical CDMA Networks
Principles, Analysis and Applications
by Hooshang Ghafouri-Shiraz
Part 38 of the IEEE Press series
This book focuses heavily on the principles, analysis and applications of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques in optical communication systems and networks.
In this book, the authors intimately discuss modern optical networks and their applications in current and emerging communication technologies, evaluating the quality, speed and number of supported services. In particular, principles and fundamentals of optical CDMA techniques from beginner to advanced levels are heavily covered. Furthermore, the authors concentrate on methods and techniques of various encoding and decoding schemes and their structures, as well as analysis of optical CDMA systems with various transceiver models including advanced multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations with the architecture of access/aggregation networks in mind. Moreover, authors examine intriguing topics of optical CDMA networking, compatibility with IP networks, and implementation of optical multi-rate multi-service CDMA networks.
Key features:
• Expanded coverage of optical CDMA networks, starts from principles and fundamentals
• Comprehensive mathematical modelling and analysis from signal to system levels
• Addresses the applications of modern optical networking in the current and emerging communication technologies
• Greater focus on advanced optical multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations, spreading codes, and transceiver designs
• Detailed hardware specifications, system-level block diagrams, and network nodes' functionalities
This book appeals to researchers, practicing engineers, and advanced students. It is a practical resource for readers with an interest in optical communications and networks.
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Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives
by Patricio Cortes
Part 40 of the IEEE Press series
Describes the general principles and current research into Model Predictive Control (MPC), the most up-to-date control method for power converters and drives
The book starts with an introduction to the subject before the first chapter on classical control methods for power converters and drives. This covers classical converter control methods and classical electrical drives control methods. The next chapter on Model predictive control first looks at predictive control methods for power converters and drives and presents the basic principles of MPC. It then looks at MPC for power electronics and drives. The third chapter is on predictive control applied to power converters. It discusses: control of a three-phase inverter, control of a neutral point clamped inverter, control of an active front end rectifier, and, control of a matrix converter. In the middle of the book there is Chapter four - Predictive control applied to motor drives. This section analyses predictive torque control of industrial machines and predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Design and implementation issues of model predictive control is the subject of the final chapter. The following topics are described in detail: cost function selection, weighting factors design, delay compensation, effect of model errors, and prediction of future references. While there are hundreds of books teaching control of electrical energy using pulse width modulation, this will be the very first book published in this new topic.
• Unique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way
• Discusses the application of predictive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies
• Matlab is included on a complementary website so the reader can run their own simulations
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Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing
Spectral Analysis and Applications
by Antonio Napolitano
Part 95 of the IEEE Press series
The relative motion between the transmitter and the receiver modifies the nonstationarity properties of the transmitted signal. In particular, the almost-cyclostationarity property exhibited by almost all modulated signals adopted in communications, radar, sonar, and telemetry can be transformed into more general kinds of nonstationarity. A proper statistical characterization of the received signal allows for the design of signal processing algorithms for detection, estimation, and classification that significantly outperform algorithms based on classical descriptions of signals.
“Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing” addresses these issues and includes the following key features:
• Presents the underlying theoretical framework, accompanied by details of their practical application, for the mathematical models of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes; two classes of signals finding growing importance in areas such as mobile communications, radar and sonar.
• Explains second-and higher-order characterization of nonstationary stochastic processes in time and frequency domains.
• Discusses continuous-and discrete-time estimators of statistical functions of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes.
• Provides analysis of mean-square consistency and asymptotic Normality of statistical function estimators.
• Offers extensive analysis of Doppler channels owing to the relative motion between transmitter and receiver and/or surrounding scatterers.
• Performs signal analysis using both the classical stochastic-process approach and the functional approach, where statistical functions are built starting from a single function of time.
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Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration
by Qing-Chang Zhong
Part 97 of the IEEE Press series
Integrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest "new frontier" for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids.
This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents conventional power conversion methodologies and then 'non-conventional' methods, with a highly accessible summary of the latest developments in power inverters as well as insight into the grid connection of renewable power.
Consisting of four parts – Power Quality Control, Neutral Line Provision, Power Flow Control, and Synchronisation – this book fully demonstrates the integration of control and power electronics.
Key features include:
• the fundamentals of power processing and hardware design
• innovative control strategies to systematically treat the control of power inverters
• extensive experimental results for most of the control strategies presented
• the pioneering work on "synchronverters" which has gained IET Highly Commended Innovation Award
Engineers working on inverter design and those at power system utilities can learn how advanced control strategies could improve system performance and work in practice. The book is a useful reference for researchers who are interested in the area of control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and distributed generation, smart grids, flexible AC transmission systems, and power systems for more-electric aircraft and all-electric ships. This is also a handy text for graduate students and university professors in the areas of electrical power engineering, advanced control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and smart grid integration.
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Enabling the Internet of Things
Fundamentals, Design and Applications
by Muhammad Azhar Iqbal
Part of the IEEE Press series
LEARN MORE ABOUT FOUNDATIONAL AND ADVANCED TOPICS IN INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY WITH THIS ALL-IN-ONE GUIDE
“Enabling the Internet of Things: Fundamentals, Design, and Applications” delivers a comprehensive starting point for anyone hoping to understand the fundamentals and design of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The book's distinguished academics and authors offer readers an opportunity to understand IoT concepts via programming in an abstract way. Readers will learn about IoT fundamentals, hardware and software components, IoT protocol stacks, security, IoT applications and implementations, as well as the challenges, and potential solutions, that lie ahead.
Readers will learn about the social aspects of IoT systems, as well as receive an introduction to the Blockly Programming Language, IoT Microcontrollers, IoT Microprocessors, systems on a chip and IoT Gateway Architecture. The book also provides implementation of simple code examples in Packet Tracer, increasing the usefulness and practicality of the book. Enabling the Internet of Things examines a wide variety of other essential topics, including:
• The fundamentals of IoT, including its evolution, distinctions, definitions, vision, enabling technologies, and building blocks
• An elaboration of the sensing principles of IoT and the essentials of wireless sensor networks
• A detailed examination of the IoT protocol stack for communications
• An analysis of the security challenges and threats faced by users of IoT devices, as well as the countermeasures that can be used to fight them, from the perception layer to the application layer
Perfect as a supplementary text for undergraduate students taking computer science or electrical engineering courses, “Enabling the Internet of Things” also belongs on the bookshelves of industry professionals and researchers who regularly work with and on the Internet of Things and who seek a better understanding of its foundational and advanced topics.
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Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology
Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies.
The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book:
• Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry
• Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing
• Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication
• Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field
Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.
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Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications
by Duixian Liu
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive guide to antenna design, manufacturing processes, antenna integration, and packaging
Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications contains an introduction to the history of AiP technology. It explores antennas and packages, thermal analysis and design, as well as measurement setups and methods for AiP technology. The authors-well-known experts on the topic-explain why microstrip patch antennas are the most popular and describe the myriad constraints of packaging, such as electrical performance, thermo-mechanical reliability, compactness, manufacturability, and cost. The book includes information on how the choice of interconnects is governed by JEDEC for automatic assembly and describes low-temperature co-fired ceramic, high-density interconnects, fan-out wafer level packaging—based AiP, and 3D-printing-based AiP.
The book includes a detailed discussion of the surface laminar circuit—based AiP designs for large-scale mm-wave phased arrays for 94-GHz imagers and 28-GHz 5G New Radios. Additionally, the book includes information on 3D AiP for sensor nodes, near-field wireless power transfer, and IoT applications. This important book:
• Includes a brief history of antenna-in-package technology
• Describes package structures widely used in AiP, such as ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat no-leads (QFN)
• Explores the concepts, materials and processes, designs, and verifications with special consideration for excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance
Written for students in electrical engineering, professors, researchers, and RF engineers, Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications offers a guide to material selection for antennas and packages, antenna design with manufacturing processes and packaging constraints, antenna integration, and packaging.
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Transformer Ageing
Monitoring and Estimation Techniques
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
A one-stop guide to transformer ageing, presenting industrially relevant state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques backed by extensive research data.
• Offers a comprehensive coverage of transformer ageing topics including insulation materials, condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques
• Features chapters on smart transformer monitoring frameworks, transformer life estimation and biodegradable oil
• Highlights industrially relevant techniques adopted in electricity utilities, backed by extensive research
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Wireless Information and Power Transfer
Theory and Practice
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Wireless Information and Power Transfer” offers an authoritative and comprehensive guide to the theory, models, techniques, implementation and application of wireless information and power transfer (WIPT) in energy-constrained wireless communication networks. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this important resource covers the various aspects of WIPT systems such as, system modeling, physical layer techniques, resource allocation and performance analysis. The contributors also explore targeted research problems typically encountered when designing WIPT systems.
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Sensor Data Analysis and Management
The Role of Deep Learning
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover detailed insights into the methods, algorithms, and techniques for deep learning in sensor data analysis
Sensor Data Analysis and Management: The Role of Deep Learning delivers an insightful and practical overview of the applications of deep learning techniques to the analysis of sensor data. The book collects cutting-edge resources into a single collection designed to enlighten the reader on topics as varied as recent techniques for fault detection and classification in sensor data, the application of deep learning to Internet of Things sensors, and a case study on high-performance computer gathering and processing of sensor data.
The editors have curated a distinguished group of perceptive and concise papers that show the potential of deep learning as a powerful tool for solving complex modelling problems across a broad range of industries, including predictive maintenance, health monitoring, financial portfolio forecasting, and driver assistance.
The book contains real-time examples of analyzing sensor data using deep learning algorithms and a step-by-step approach for installing and training deep learning using the Python keras library. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction to the Internet of Things for human activity recognition, based on wearable sensor data
• An exploration of the benefits of neural networks in real-time environmental sensor data analysis
• Practical discussions of supervised learning data representation, neural networks for predicting physical activity based on smartphone sensor data, and deep-learning analysis of location sensor data for human activity recognition
• An analysis of boosting with XGBoost for sensor data analysis
Perfect for industry practitioners and academics involved in deep learning and the analysis of sensor data, Sensor Data Analysis and Management: The Role of Deep Learning will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students in data science and computer science programs.
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Efficient Multirate Teletraffic Loss Models Beyond Erlang
by Ioannis D. Moscholios
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive study in efficient multi-rate teletraffic loss models used for designing, performance analysis, and optimization of systems and networks.
“Efficient Multirate Teletraffic Loss Models Beyond Erlang” is an easy-to-read book filled with numerous efficient teletraffic loss models. Presented in three sections-Teletraffic Models of Random Input, Teletraffic Models of Quasi-Random Input, and Teletraffic Models of Batched Poisson Input-it covers everything that a professional experienced with optimization and dimensioning of telecom networks could ever need to know.
This unique book provides a detailed explanation on how efficient multirate teletraffic loss models are extracted and applied, and guides readers through almost all network technologies and services. Starting from the basics, it steadily increases in difficulty to keep the book self-contained and to provide a better understanding to those who might be new to the subject. It includes detailed explanations of the complex teletraffic models-many of which were developed by the authors. Tutorial examples, several backed by supplementary software, are accompanied by intermediate results and figures. Additionally, end-of-chapter applications describe the applicability of the models to modern network technologies, updating the incorporated teletraffic models of commercial packages/tools.
• Uses the classic EMLM (Erlang Multirate Loss Model) as its base to present a comprehensive range of teletraffic models through detailed explanation and numerical examples
• Filled with the authors' own original teletraffic models-making for a wholly unique learning experience
• Offers a clear, self-contained presentation with a beginning, middle, and end
• Starts with simple models, then moves to more complex models, before finishing with complicated ones
• Supplemented by an accompanying website with computer implementation of the most important models
Directed primarily at telecommunication engineers, “Efficient Multirate Teletraffic Loss Models Beyond Erlang” is also useful for telecom operators or managers on the higher and average levels, as well a Ph.D. students, researchers, and modelers.
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Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation
Fundamentals, Analysis and Design
by Leszek Szczecinski
Part of the IEEE Press series
Presenting a thorough overview of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), this book introduces the tools for the analysis and design of BICM transceivers. It explains in details the functioning principles of BICM and proposes a refined probabilistic modeling of the reliability metrics—the so-called L-values—which are at the core of the BICM receivers. Alternatives for transceiver design based on these models are then studied.
Providing new insights into the analysis of BICM, this book is unique in its approach, providing a general framework for analysis and design, focusing on communication theoretic aspects of BICM transceivers. It adopts a tutorial approach, explains the problems in simple terms with the aid of multiple examples and case studies, and provides solutions using accessible mathematical tools.
The book will be an excellent resource for researchers in academia and industry: graduate students, academics, development engineers, and R & D managers.
Key Features:
Presents an introduction to BICM, placing it in the context of other coded modulation schemes
Offers explanations of the functioning principles and design alternatives
Provides a unique approach, focusing on communication theory aspects
Shows examples and case studies to illustrate analysis and design of BICM
Adopts a tutorial approach, explaining the problems in simple terms and presenting solutions using accessible mathematical tools
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MOS Devices for Low-Voltage and Low-Energy Applications
by Yasuhisa Omura
Part of the IEEE Press series
Helps readers understand the physics behind MOS devices for low-voltage and low-energy applications
• Based on timely published and unpublished work written by expert authors
• Discusses various promising MOS devices applicable to low-energy environmental and biomedical uses
• Describes the physical effects (quantum, tunneling) of MOS devices
• Demonstrates the performance of devices, helping readers to choose right devices applicable to an industrial or consumer environment
• Addresses some Ge-based devices and other compound-material-based devices for high-frequency applications and future development of high-performance devices.
All these examples stress the urgent need for developing electronic devices that consume as little energy as possible. The book "MOS Devices for Low-Voltage and Low-Energy Applications" explores the different transistor options that can be utilized to achieve that goal. It describes in detail the physics and performance of transistors that can be operated at low voltage and consume little power, such as subthreshold operation in bulk transistors, fully depleted SOI devices, tunnel FETs, multigate and gate-all-around MOSFETs. Examples of low-energy circuits making use of these devices are given as well.
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Wireless Blockchain
Principles, Technologies and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice
In Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and editors Bin Cao, Lei Zhang, Mugen Peng, and Muhammad Ali Imran deliver a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and potential application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, telecommunications, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities.
The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. You'll discover how these variations and how communication networks affect blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels.
You'll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction to the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology
• An overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends
• Practical discussions of Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-"X" alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority
• A concise examination of smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G
• A treatment of the theoretical relationship between communication networks and blockchain
Perfect for electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics, Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.
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Resource Management for On-Demand Mission-Critical Internet of Things Applications
by Junaid Farooq
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover an insightful and up-to-date treatment of resource management in Internet of Things technology.
In “Resource Management for On-Demand Mission-Critical Internet of Things Applications”, an expert team of engineers delivers an insightful analytical perspective on modeling and decision support for mission-critical Internet of Things applications. The authors dissect the complex IoT ecosystem and provide a cross-layer perspective on the design and operation of IoT, especially in the context of smart and connected communities.
The book offers an economic perspective on resource management in IoT systems with a particular emphasis on three main areas: spectrum management via reservation, allocation of cloud/fog resources to IoT applications, and resource provisioning to smart city service requests. It leverages theories from dynamic mechanism design, optimal control theory, and spatial point processes, providing an overview of integrated decision-making frameworks.
Finally, the authors discuss future directions and relevant problems on the economics of resource management from new perspectives, like security and resilience. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction and overview of IoT applications in smart cities, mission critical IoT services and requirements, and key metrics and research challenges
• A comprehensive exploration of the allocation of spectrum resources to mission critical IoT applications, including the massive surge of IoT and spectrum scarcity problem
• Practical discussions of the provisioning of cloud/fog computing resources to IoT applications, including allocation policy
• In-depth examinations of resource provisioning to spatio-temporal service requests in smart cities
Perfect for engineers working on Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems, “Resource Management for On-Demand Mission-Critical Internet of Things Applications” is also an indispensable reference for graduate students, researchers, and professors with an interest in IoT resource management.
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Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide
by Jose M. De La Rosa
Part of the IEEE Press series
Thoroughly revised and expanded to help readers systematically increase their knowledge and insight about Sigma-Delta Modulators.
Sigma-Delta Modulators (SDMs) have become one of the best choices for the implementation of analog/digital interfaces of electronic systems integrated in CMOS technologies. Compared to other kinds of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), Σ∆Ms cover one of the widest conversion regions of the resolution-versus-bandwidth plane, being the most efficient solution to digitize signals in an increasingly number of applications, which span from high-resolution low-bandwidth digital audio, sensor interfaces, and instrumentation, to ultra-low power biomedical systems and medium-resolution broadband wireless communications.
Following the spirit of its first edition, “Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide”, 2nd Edition takes a comprehensive look at SDMs, their diverse types of architectures, circuit techniques, analysis synthesis methods, and CAD tools, as well as their practical design considerations. It compiles and updates the current research reported on the topic, and explains the multiple trade-offs involved in the whole design flow of Sigma-Delta Modulators-from specifications to chip implementation and characterization. The book follows a top-down approach in order to provide readers with the necessary understanding about recent advances, trends, and challenges in state-of-the-art Σ∆Ms. It makes more emphasis on two key points, which were not treated so deeply in the first edition:
• It includes a more detailed explanation of Σ∆Ms implemented using Continuous-Time (CT) circuits, going from system-level synthesis to practical circuit limitations.
• It provides more practical case studies and applications, as well as a deeper description of the synthesis methodologies and CAD tools employed in the design of Σ∆ converters.
“Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide”, 2nd Edition serves as an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering as well as design engineers working on SD data-converters, who are looking for a uniform and self-contained reference in this hot topic. With this goal in mind, and based on the feedback received from readers, the contents have been revised and structured to make this new edition a unique monograph written in a didactical, pedagogical, and intuitive style.
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Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication
by Nathan Blaunstein
Part of the IEEE Press series
A GUIDE TO THE FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND PRACTICE OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
“Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication” offers a much needed guide to characterizing and overcoming the drawbacks associated with optical communication links that suffer from various types of fading when optical signals with information traverse these wireless (atmospheric) or wired (fiber optic) channels.
The authors-noted experts on the topic-present material that aids in predicting the capacity, data rate, spectral efficiency, and bit-error-rate associated with a channel that experiences fading. They review modulation techniques and methods of coding and decoding that are useful when implementing communications systems. The book also discusses how to model the channels, including treating distortion due to the various fading phenomena. Light waves and their similarity to radio waves are explored, and the way light propagates through the atmosphere, through materials, and through the boundary between two materials is explained. This important book:
• Characterizes principal optical sources and detectors, including descriptions of their advantages and disadvantages, to show how to design systems from start to finish
• Provides a new method of predicting and dealing with the dispersive properties of fiber optic cables and other optical guiding structures in order to increase data stream capacity
• Highlights effects of material and multimode (multi-ray) dispersion during propagation of optical signals with data through fiber optic channels
• Presents modulation techniques and methods of coding and decoding that are useful when implementing communications systems
Written for professionals dealing with optical and electro-optical communications, “Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication” explores the theory and practice of optical communication both when the optical signal is propagating through the atmosphere and when it is propagating through an optical fiber.
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Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
An essential reference to the modeling techniques of wind turbine systems for the application of advanced control methods
This book covers the modeling of wind power and application of modern control methods to the wind power control-specifically the models of type 3 and type 4 wind turbines. The modeling aspects will help readers to streamline the wind turbine and wind power plant modeling and reduce the burden of power system simulations to investigate the impact of wind power on power systems. The use of modern control methods will help technology development, especially from the perspective of manufactures.
Chapter coverage includes: status of wind power development, grid code requirements for wind power integration; modeling and control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator (WTG); optimal control strategy for load reduction of full scale converter (FSC) WTG; clustering based WTG model linearization; adaptive control of wind turbines for maximum power point tracking (MPPT); distributed model predictive active power control of wind power plants and energy storage systems; model predictive voltage control of wind power plants; control of wind power plant clusters; and fault ride-through capability enhancement of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants. Modeling and Modern “Control of Wind Power” also features tables, illustrations, case studies, and an appendix showing a selection of typical test systems and the code of adaptive and distributed model predictive control.
• Analyzes the developments in control methods for wind turbines (focusing on type 3 and type 4 wind turbines)
• Provides an overview of the latest changes in grid code requirements for wind power integration
• Reviews the operation characteristics of the FSC and DFIG WTG
• Presents production efficiency improvement of WTG under uncertainties and disturbances with adaptive control
• Deals with model predictive active and reactive power control of wind power plants
• Describes enhanced control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants
“Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power” is ideal for PhD students and researchers studying the field, but is also highly beneficial to engineers and transmission system operators (TSOs), wind turbine manufacturers, and consulting companies.
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Multi-terminal Direct-Current Grids
Modeling, Analysis, and Control
by Nilanjan Chaudhuri
Part of the IEEE Press series
A generic DC grid model that is compatible with the standard AC system stability model is presented and used to analyse the interaction between the DC grid and the host AC systems.
A multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grid interconnecting multiple AC systems and offshore energy sources (e.g. wind farms) across the nations and continents would allow effective sharing of intermittent renewable resources and open market operation for secure and cost-effective supply of electricity. However, such DC grids are unprecedented with no operational experience. Despite lots of discussions and specific visions for setting up such MTDC grids particularly in Europe, none has yet been realized in practice due to two major technical barriers:
• Lack of proper understanding about the interaction between a MTDC grid and the surrounding AC systems.
• Commercial unavailability of efficient DC side fault current interruption technology for conventional voltage sourced converter systems
This book addresses the first issue in details by presenting a comprehensive modeling, analysis and control design framework. Possible methodologies for autonomous power sharing and exchange of frequency support across a MTDC grid and their impact on overall stability is covered. An overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges and on-going research and development initiatives for DC side fault current interruption is also presented.
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Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Presents the components, challenges, and solutions of wireless automation as enablers for industry 4.0.
This timely book introduces the state of the art in industrial automation techniques, concentrating on wireless methods for a variety of applications, ranging from simple smart homes to heavy-duty complex industrial setting with robotics accessibility. It covers a wide range of topics including the industrial revolution enablers, applications, challenges, their possible solutions, and future directions.
“Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution” opens with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and their applications in various domains, emphasizing industrial wireless networks and their future uses. It then takes a look at life-span extension for sensor networks in the industry, followed by a chapter on multiple access and resource sharing for low latency critical industrial networks. Industrial automation is covered next, as is the subject of ultra reliable low latency communications. Other topics include: self-healing in wireless networks; cost efficiency optimization for industrial automation; a non event-based approach for non-intrusive load monitoring; wireless networked control; and caching at the edge in low latency wireless networks. The book finishes with a chapter on the application of terahertz sensing at nano-scale for precision agriculture.
• Introduces the future evolving dimension in industrial automation and discusses the enablers of the industrial revolution
• Places particular emphasis on wireless communication techniques which make industrial automation reliable, efficient, and cost-effective
• Covers many of the associated topics and concepts like robotics, AI, internet-of-things, telesurgery, and remote manufacturing
• Of great interest to researchers from academia and industry who are looking at the industrial development from various perspectives
“Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution” is an excellent book for telecom engineers, IoT experts, and industry professionals. It would also greatly benefit researchers, professors, and doctorate and postgraduate students involved in automation and industry 4.0.
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Ultra-Capacitors in Power Conversion Systems
Applications, Analysis, and Design from Theory to Practice
by Petar J. Grbovic
Part of the IEEE Press series
Ultra-capacitors, used as short-term energy storage devices, are growing in popularity especially in the transportation and renewable energy sectors. This text provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of ultra-capacitor theory, modeling and module design from an application perspective, focusing on the practical aspects of power conversion and ultra-capacitor integration with power electronics systems.
Key features:
• clearly explains the theoretical and practical aspects of ultra-capacitor, analysis, modelling and design
• describes different power conversion applications such as variable speed drives, renewable energy systems, traction, power quality, diesel electric hybrid applications
• provides detailed guidelines for the design and selection of ultra-capacitor modules and interface dc-dc converters
• includes end-of-chapter exercises and design examples
This is an essential reference for power electronics engineers and professionals wanting to expand their knowledge of advanced ultra-capacitor energy storage devices and their application in power conversion. It is also a valuable resource for industrial design engineers as well as academics and advanced students in power electronics who want to develop their understanding about this highly topical subject.
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Active Electronically Scanned Arrays
Fundamentals and Applications
by Arik D. Brown
Part of the IEEE Press series
In “Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications”, electromagnetics expert Dr. Arik D. Brown delivers a foundational treatment of active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) ideal for engineering students and professionals. The distinguished author provides an overview of the primary subsystems of an AESA and detailed explanations of key design concepts and fundamentals for subsystems, including antenna array elements, transmit/receive modules, and beamformers.
Performance results for various AESA architectures often found in industry, including analog, subarrayed, and digital beamforming AESAs, are discussed. With a focus on practical knowledge and applications, Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications offers an accessible overview of a technology critical to the implementation of collision avoidance in cars, air surveillance radar, communication antennas, and defense technologies.
The book also includes:
• A thorough introduction to AESAs, including a top-level block diagram view and explanations of key components and subsystems
• Detailed explanations of the impact of AESAs on mission applications including Radar, Electronic Attack (EA), Electronic Support Measures (ESM), SIGINT and Communications
• Comprehensive explorations of antenna array elements, transmit/receive modules, and beamformers including their purpose, functions, and practical design considerations
• In-depth examinations of AESA architecture performance for current and future systems
• Utility of AESAs for implementing adaptive beamforming for Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM)
Perfect for electrical engineers working with active electronically scanned arrays, electronic warfare technologies, radar, or communications, “Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications” will also prove to be an invaluable resource for defense students undertaking military education and training.
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The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication
by Tapan K. Sarkar
Part of the IEEE Press series
An important resource that examines the physical aspects of wireless communications based on mathematical and physical evidence.
“The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication” describes the electromagnetic principles for designing a cellular wireless system and includes the subtle electromagnetic principles that are often overlooked in designing such a system. This important text explores both the physics and mathematical concepts used in deploying antennas for transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals and examines how to select the proper methodology from a wide range of scenarios.
In this much-needed guide, the authors-noted experts in the field-explore the principle of electromagnetics as developed through the Maxwellian principles and describe the properties of an antenna in the frequency domain. The text also includes a review of the characterization of propagation path loss in a cellular wireless environment and examines ultrawideband antennas and the mechanisms of broadband transmission of both power and information. This important resource:
• Includes a discussion of the shortcomings of a MIMO system from both theoretical and practical aspects
• Demonstrates how to deploy base station antennas with better efficiency
• Validates the principle and the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic propagation in cellular wireless communication
• Contains results of experiments that are solidly grounded in mathematics and physics
Written for engineers, researchers, and educators who are or plan to work in the field, “The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication” offers an essential resource for understanding the principles underpinning wireless communications.
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Power Management Techniques for Integrated Circuit Design
by Ke-Horng Chen
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book begins with the premise that energy demands are directing scientists towards ever-greener methods of power management, so highly integrated power control ICs (integrated chip/circuit) are increasingly in demand for further reducing power consumption.
• A timely and comprehensive reference guide for IC designers dealing with the increasingly widespread demand for integrated low power management
• Includes new topics such as LED lighting, fast transient response, DVS-tracking and design with advanced technology nodes
• Leading author (Chen) is an active and renowned contributor to the power management IC design field, and has extensive industry experience
• Accompanying website includes presentation files with book illustrations, lecture notes, simulation circuits, solution manuals, instructors' manuals, and program downloads
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Radar Data Processing With Applications
by He You
Part of the IEEE Press series
A summary of thirty years' worth of research, this book is a systematic introduction to the theory, development, and latest research results of radar data processing technology. Highlights of the book include sections on data pre-processing technology, track initiation, and data association. Readers are also introduced to maneuvering target tracking, multiple target tracking termination, and track management theory. In order to improve data analysis, the authors have also included group tracking registration algorithms and a performance evaluation of radar data processing.
• Presents both classical theory and development methods of radar data processing
• Provides state-of-the-art research results, including data processing for modern radars and tracking performance evaluation theory
• Includes coverage of performance evaluation, registration algorithm for radar networks, data processing of passive radar, pulse Doppler radar, and phased array radar
• Features applications for those engaged in information engineering, radar engineering, electronic countermeasures, infrared techniques, sonar techniques, and military command
“Radar Data Processing with Applications” is a handy guide for engineers and industry professionals specializing in the development of radar equipment and data processing. It is also intended as a reference text for electrical engineering graduate students and researchers specializing in signal processing and radars.
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Green Mobile Networks
A Networking Perspective
by Nirwan Ansari
Part of the IEEE Press series
Green communications is a very hot topic. As mobile networks evolve in terms of higher rates/throughput, a consequent impact on operating costs is due to (aggregate) network energy consumption. As such, design on 4G networks and beyond have increasingly started to focus on `energy efficiency' or so-called 'green' networks. Many techniques and solutions have been proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks, yet no book has provided an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption issues in mobile networks nor has detailed theories, tools and solutions for solving the energy efficiency problems.
This book presents the techniques and solutions for enhancing energy efficiency of future mobile networks and consists of three major parts. The first part presents a general description of mobile network evolution in terms of both capacity and energy efficiency. The second part discusses the advanced techniques to green mobile networks. The third part discusses the solutions that enhance mobile network energy efficiency as well as provides future directions. Whilst the reader is expected to have basic knowledge of wireless communications, the authors present a brief introduction of the evolution of mobile networks, providing the knowledge base for understanding the content of the book. In addition, complicated network problems are illustrated using simple examples. This will help the reader understand the concept and intuition of various techniques and solutions.
• Incorporates the latest research results from both academia and industry, providing an up-to-date overview of existing technologies and solutions on making mobile networks greener
• Consists of three sections with a gradually increasing technical depth on green mobile networks, providing the reader with a systematic view of the research area, and helping those with different technical backgrounds to better understand the content
• Covers existing enabling technologies for green mobile networking, including an innovative discussion of state-of-the-art solutions and algorithms
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Embedded and Fan-Out Wafer and Panel Level Packaging Technologies for Advanced Application Spaces
High Performance Compute and System-in-Package
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover an up-to-date exploration of Embedded and Fan-Out Waver and Panel Level technologies.
In “Embedded and Fan-Out Wafer and Panel Level Packaging Technologies for Advanced Application Spaces: High Performance Compute and System-in-Package”, a team of accomplished semiconductor experts delivers an in-depth treatment of various fan-out and embedded die approaches.
The book begins with a market analysis of the latest technology trends in Fan-Out and Wafer Level Packaging before moving on to a cost analysis of these solutions. The contributors discuss the new package types for advanced application spaces being created by companies like TSMC, Deca Technologies, and ASE Group. Finally, emerging technologies from academia are explored.
“Embedded and Fan-Out Wafer and Panel Level Packaging Technologies for Advanced Application Spaces” is an indispensable resource for microelectronic package engineers, managers, and decision makers working with OEMs and IDMs. It is also a must-read for professors and graduate students working in microelectronics packaging research.
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Systems Engineering of Software-Enabled Systems
by Richard E. Fairley
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive review of the life cycle processes, methods, and techniques used to develop and modify software-enabled systems.
“Systems Engineering of Software-Enabled Systems” offers an authoritative review of the most current methods and techniques that can improve the links between systems engineering and software engineering. The author-a noted expert on the topic-offers an introduction to systems engineering and software engineering and presents the issues caused by the differences between the two during development process. The book reviews the traditional approaches used by systems engineers and software engineers and explores how they differ.
The book presents an approach to developing software-enabled systems that integrates the incremental approach used by systems engineers and the iterative approach used by software engineers. This unique approach is based on developing system capabilities that will provide the features, behaviors, and quality attributes needed by stakeholders, based on model-based system architecture. In addition, the author covers the management activities that a systems engineer or software engineer must engage in to manage and lead the technical work to be done. This important book:
• Offers an approach to improving the process of working with systems engineers and software engineers
• Contains information on the planning and estimating, measuring and controlling, managing risk, and organizing and leading systems engineering teams
• Includes a discussion of the key points of each chapter and exercises for review
• Suggests numerous references that provide additional readings for development of software-enabled physical systems
• Provides two case studies as running examples throughout the text
Written for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners, “Systems Engineering of Software-Enabled Systems” offers a comprehensive resource to the traditional and current techniques that can improve the links between systems engineering and software engineering.
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Massive Connectivity
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access to High Performance Random Access
by Jinho Choi
Part of the IEEE Press series
Learn to support more devices and sensors in Internet of Things applications through NOMA and machine-type communication.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has held much interest due to its ability to provide a higher spectral efficiency-such as more bits per unit bandwidth in Hertz-than other, orthogonal multiple access schemes. The majority of this research focuses on the application of NOMA to downlink channels (from base station to users) in cellular systems as its use for uplink (users to base station) is somewhat circumscribed. However, NOMA has recently been employed in contention-based uplink access, which has shown an improvement in performance that allows an increase in the number of users that can be supported. As a result, NOMA is promising for machine-type communication (MTC) in 5G systems and beyond, making it a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT).
“Massive Connectivity” provides an in-depth, comprehensive view of the benefits and drawbacks of uplink NOMA random access (RA) systems. This text offers a basic introduction and description of uplink NOMA RA systems before considering the possibilities for evolution of the scheme as attempts are made to derive the most benefits and overcome any weaknesses. The book further presents key performance analysis while also highlighting game-theoretic views. In essence, by describing the essential properties of stable and high-throughput yielding RA systems, the book demonstrates that uplink NOMA can fulfill these required properties.
“Massive Connectivity” readers will also find:
• An extensive literature survey on RA systems and their applications since the 1970s
• Recent advances in random access for massive connectivity
• Retransmission control algorithms for NOMA random access
• Discussion of how uplink NOMA random access systems can be integrated into the existing long-term evolution (LTE) or upcoming 5G cellular networks
“Massive Connectivity” is a useful reference for field engineers and academics, as well as experts for random access systems for IoT applications.
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Selective Visual Attention
Computational Models and Applications
by Liming Zhang
Part of the IEEE Press series
Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks.
This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing.
• Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications
• Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms
• Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work:
• robot navigation and object selection
• image and video quality assessment
• image and video coding
• Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms
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Cyber-physical Systems
Theory, Methodology, and Applications
by Pedro H. J. Nardelli
Part of the IEEE Press series
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Provides a unique general theory of cyber-physical systems, focusing on how physical, data, and decision processes are articulated as a complex whole
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) operate in complex environments systems with integrated physical and computational capabilities. With the ability to interact with humans through variety of modalities, cyber-physical systems are applied across areas such as Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices, smart grids, autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, and distributed robotics. Existing engineering methods are capable of solving technical problems, yet the deployment of CPS in a net-enabled society requires a general theory of cyber-physical systems that goes beyond specific study cases and their associated technological development.
Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a unique theoretical-methodological guide to assessing systems where complex information processing defines the behavior of physical processes. Using a systematic approach, the book describes the fundamentals of cybernetics, complexity sciences, system engineering, concepts of data and information, the data dissemination process, graph theory, and more. Readers are provided with the general theory, methodological framework, and analytical tools to assess and design CPS for applications in transport, energy, communication, health care, the military, and industry.
• Provides a framework for measuring the performance of different cyber-physical systems and assessing the potential impact of various cyber-threats
• Proposes a theory of CPS comprised of autonomous but interdependent physical, data, and regulatory layers
• Discusses decision-making approaches rooted in probability theory, information theory, complexity sciences, and game theory
• Helps readers perform a systemic impact evaluation of trending topics such as Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Energy Internet, blockchain, and data ownership
• Features extensive analysis of various cyber-physical systems across different domains
Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in electrical and computer engineering and other technical fields.
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Linear Circuit Transfer Functions
An Introduction to Fast Analytical Techniques
by Christophe P. Basso
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Linear Circuit Transfer Functions: An introduction to Fast Analytical Techniques” teaches readers how to determine transfer functions of linear passive and active circuits by applying Fast Analytical Circuits Techniques. Building on their existing knowledge of classical loop/nodal analysis, the book improves and expands their skills to unveil transfer functions in a swift and efficient manner.
Starting with simple examples, the author explains step-by-step how expressing circuits time constants in different configurations leads to writing transfer functions in a compact and insightful way. By learning how to organize numerators and denominators in the fastest possible way, readers will speed-up analysis and predict the frequency response of simple to complex circuits. In some cases, they will be able to derive the final expression by inspection, without writing a line of algebra.
Key features:
• Emphasizes analysis through employing time constant-based methods discussed in other text books but not widely used or explained.
• Develops current techniques on transfer functions, to fast analytical techniques leading to low-entropy transfer functions immediately exploitable for analysis purposes.
• Covers calculation techniques pertinent to different fields, electrical, electronics, signal processing etc.
• Describes how a technique is applied and demonstrates this through real design examples.
• All Mathcad® files used in examples and problems are freely available for download.
An ideal reference for electronics or electrical engineering professionals as well as BSEE and MSEE students, this book will help teach them how to: become skilled in the art of determining transfer function by using less algebra and obtaining results in a more effectual way; gain insight into a circuit's operation by understanding how time constants rule dynamic responses; apply Fast Analytical Techniques to simple and complicated circuits, passive or active and be more efficient at solving problems.
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Small Antenna Handbook
by Robert C. Hansen
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Small Antennas in Portable Devices” reviews recent significant theoretical and practical developments in the electrically small antenna area. Examining antenna designs that work as well as those that have limitations, this new edition provides practicing engineers and upper level and graduate students with new information on work on improving bandwidth using spherical helix dipoles; work on electromagnetically coupled structures; exact derivation of the Q for electrically small antennas for both the TE and TM modes; and a new simplified Q formula.
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Security and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems
Foundations, Principles, and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Written by a team of experts at the forefront of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) revolution, this book provides an in-depth look at security and privacy, two of the most critical challenges facing both the CPS research and development community and ICT professionals. It explores, in depth, the key technical, social, and legal issues at stake, and it provides readers with the information they need to advance research and development in this exciting area.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from and depend upon the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability far in excess of what today's simple embedded systems can provide. Just as the Internet revolutionized the way we interact with information, CPS technology has already begun to transform the way people interact with engineered systems. In the years ahead, smart CPS will drive innovation and competition across industry sectors, from agriculture, energy, and transportation, to architecture, healthcare, and manufacturing. A priceless source of practical information and inspiration, “Security and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations, Principles and Applications” is certain to have a profound impact on ongoing R&D and education at the confluence of security, privacy, and CPS.
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Smart Grid Telecommunications
Fundamentals and Technologies in the 5G Era
by Alberto Sendin
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover the foundations and main applications of telecommunications to smart grids.
In “Smart Grid Telecommunications”, renowned researchers and authors Drs. Alberto Sendin, Javier Matanza, and Ramon Ferrús deliver a focused treatment of the fundamentals and main applications of telecommunication technologies in smart grids. Aimed at engineers and professionals who work with power systems, the book explains what smart grids are and where telecommunications are needed to solve their various challenges.
Power engineers will benefit from explanations of the main concepts of telecommunications and how they are applied to the different domains of a smart grid. Telecommunication engineers will gain an understanding of smart grid applications and services and will learn from the explanations of how telecommunications need to be adapted to work with them.
The authors offer a simplified vision of smart grids with rigorous coverage of the latest advances in the field, while avoiding some of the technical complexities that can hinder understanding in this area. The book offers:
• Discussions of why telecommunications are necessary in smart grids and the various telecommunication services and systems relevant for them
• An exploration of foundational telecommunication concepts ranging from system-level aspects, such as network topologies, multi-layer architectures and protocol stacks, to communications channel transmission-and reception-level aspects
• Examinations of telecommunication-related smart grid services and systems, including SCADA, protection and teleprotection, smart metering, substation and distribution automation, synchrophasors, distributed energy resources, electric vehicles, and microgrids
• A treatment of wireline and wireless telecommunication technologies, like DWDM, Ethernet, IP, MPLS, PONs, PLC, BPL, 3GPP cellular 4G and 5G technologies, Zigbee, Wi-SUN, LoRaWAN, and Sigfox, addressing their architectures, characteristics, and limitations
Ideal for engineers working in power systems or telecommunications as network architects, operations managers, planners, or in regulation-related activities, Smart Grid Telecommunications is also an invaluable resource for telecommunication network and smart grid architects.
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An Introduction to Self-adaptive Systems
A Contemporary Software Engineering Perspective
by Danny Weyns
Part of the IEEE Press series
A concise and practical introduction to the foundations and engineering principles of self-adaptation
Though it has recently gained significant momentum, the topic of self-adaptation remains largely under-addressed in academic and technical literature. This book changes that. Using a systematic and holistic approach, “An Introduction to Self-adaptive Systems: A Contemporary Software Engineering Perspective” provides readers with an accessible set of basic principles, engineering foundations, and applications of self-adaptation in software-intensive systems.
It places self-adaptation in the context of techniques like uncertainty management, feedback control, online reasoning, and machine learning while acknowledging the growing consensus in the software engineering community that self-adaptation will be a crucial enabling feature in tackling the challenges of new, emerging, and future systems.
The author combines cutting-edge technical research with basic principles and real-world insights to create a practical and strategically effective guide to self-adaptation. He includes features such as:
• An analysis of the foundational engineering principles and applications of self-adaptation in different domains, including the Internet-of-Things, cloud computing, and cyber-physical systems
• End-of-chapter exercises at four different levels of complexity and difficulty
• An accompanying author-hosted website with slides, selected exercises and solutions, models, and code
Perfect for researchers, students, teachers, industry leaders, and practitioners in fields that directly or peripherally involve software engineering, as well as those in academia involved in a class on self-adaptivity, this book belongs on the shelves of anyone with an interest in the future of software and its engineering.
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Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems, Transportation and Industrial Applications
by Haitham Abu-Rub
Part of the IEEE Press series
Compiles current research into the analysis and design of power electronic converters for industrial applications and renewable energy systems, presenting modern and future applications of power electronics systems in the field of electrical vehicles.
With emphasis on the importance and long-term viability of “Power Electronics for Renewable Energy” this book brings together the state of the art knowledge and cutting-edge techniques in various stages of research. The topics included are not currently available for practicing professionals and aim to enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their designs. The book addresses the practical issues of current and future electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and focuses primarily on power electronics and motor drives based solutions for electric vehicle (EV) technologies. Propulsion system requirements and motor sizing for EVs is discussed, along with practical system sizing examples. Key EV battery technologies are explained as well as corresponding battery management issues. PHEV power system architectures and advanced power electronics intensive charging infrastructures for EVs and PHEVs are detailed. EV/PHEV interface with renewable energy is described, with practical examples. This book explores new topics for further research needed world-wide, and defines existing challenges, concerns, and selected problems that comply with international trends, standards, and programs for electric power conversion, distribution, and sustainable energy development. It will lead to the advancement of the current state-of-the art applications of power electronics for renewable energy, transportation, and industrial applications and will help add experience in the various industries and academia about the energy conversion technology and distributed energy sources.
• Combines state of the art global expertise to present the latest research on power electronics and its application in transportation, renewable energy and different industrial applications
• Offers an overview of existing technology and future trends, with discussion and analysis of different types of converters and control techniques (power converters, high performance power devices, power system, high performance control system and novel applications)
• Systematic explanation to provide researchers with enough background and understanding to go deeper in the topics covered in the book
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Fault Location on Transmission and Distribution Lines
Principles and Applications
by Swagata Das
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book provides readers with up-to-date coverage of fault location algorithms in transmission and distribution networks. The algorithms will help readers track down the exact location of a fault in the shortest possible time. Furthermore, voltage and current waveforms recorded by digital relays, digital fault recorders, and other intelligent electronic devices contain a wealth of information. Knowledge gained from analysing the fault data can help system operators understand what happened, why it happened and how it can be prevented from happening again. The book will help readers convert such raw data into useful information and improve power system performance and reliability.
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The ESD Control Program Handbook
by Jeremy M. Smallwood
Part of the IEEE Press series
Provides the understanding and practical skills needed to develop and maintain an effective ESD control program for manufacturing, storage, and handling of ESD sensitive components.
This essential guide to ESD control programs explains the principles and practice of ESD control in an easily accessible way whilst also providing more depth and a wealth of references for those who want to gain a deeper knowledge of the subject. It describes static electricity and ESD principles such as triboelectrification, electrostatic fields, and induced voltages, with the minimum of theory or mathematics. It is designed for the reader to "dip into" as required, rather than need to read cover to cover.
“The ESD Control Program Handbook” begins with definitions and commonly used terminology, followed by the principles of static electricity and ESD control. Chapter 3 discusses ESD susceptible electronic devices, and how ESD susceptibility of a component is measured. This is followed by the "Seven habits of a highly effective ESD program", explaining the essential activities of an effective ESD control program. While most texts mainly address manual handling of ESD susceptible devices, Chapter 5 extends the discussion to ESD control in automated systems, processes and handling, which form a major part of modern electronic manufacture.
Chapter 6 deals with requirements for compliance given by the IEC 61340-5-1 and ANSI/ESD S20.20 ESD control standards.
Chapter 7 gives an overview of the selection, use, care and maintenance of equipment and furniture commonly used to control ESD risks. The chapter explains how these often work together as part of a system and must be specified with that in mind.
ESD protective packaging is available in an extraordinary range of forms from bags, boxes and bubble wrap to tape and reel packaging for automated processes. The principles and practice of this widely misunderstood area of ESD control are introduced in Chapter 8. The thorny question of how to evaluate an ESD control program is addressed in Chapter 9 with a goal of compliance with a standard as well as effective control of ESD risks and possible customer perceptions.
Whilst evaluating an existing ESD control program provides challenges, developing an ESD control program from scratch provides others. Chapter 10 gives an approach to this.
Standard test methods used in compliance with ESD control standards are explained and simple test procedures given in Chapter 11.
ESD Training has long been recognised as essential in maintaining effective ESD control. Chapter 12 discusses ways of covering essential topics and how to demonstrate static electricity in action. The book ends with a look at where ESD control may go in the near future.
“The ESD Control Program Handbook”:
• Gives readers a sound understanding of the subject to analyze the ESD control requirements of manufacturing processes, and develop an effective ESD control program
• Provides practical knowledge, as well as sufficient theory and background to understand the principles of ESD control
• Teaches how to track and identify how ESD risks arise, and how to identify fitting means for minimizing or eliminating them
• Emphasizes working with modern ESD control program standards IEC 61340-5-1 and ESD S20:20
“The ESD Control Program Handbook” is an invaluable reference for anyone tasked with setting up, evaluating, or maintaining an effective ESD control program, training personnel, or making ESD control related measurements. It would form an excellent basis for a University course on the subject as well as a guide and resource for industry professionals.
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Smart Grid
Communication-Enabled Intelligence for the Electric Power Grid
by Stephen F. Bush
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book bridges the divide between the fields of power systems engineering and computer communication through the new field of power system information theory.
Written by an expert with vast experience in the field, this book explores the smart grid from generation to consumption, both as it is planned today and how it will evolve tomorrow. The book focuses upon what differentiates the smart grid from the "traditional" power grid as it has been known for the last century. Furthermore, the author provides the reader with a fundamental understanding of both power systems and communication networking. It shows the complexity and operational requirements of the evolving power grid, the so-called "smart grid," to the communication networking engineer, and similarly, it shows the complexity and operational requirements for communications to the power systems engineer.
The book is divided into three parts. Part One discusses the basic operation of the electric power grid, covering fundamental knowledge that is assumed in Parts Two and Three. Part Two introduces communications and networking, which are critical enablers for the smart grid. It also considers how communication and networking will evolve as technology develops. This lays the foundation for Part Three, which utilizes communication within the power grid. Part Three draws heavily upon both the embedded intelligence within the power grid and current research, anticipating how and where computational intelligence will be implemented within the smart grid. Each part is divided into chapters and each chapter has a set of questions useful for exercising the readers' understanding of the material in that chapter.
Key Features:
• Bridges the gap between power systems and communications experts
• Addresses the smart grid from generation to consumption, both as it is planned today and how it will likely evolve tomorrow
• Explores the smart grid from the perspective of traditional power systems as well as from communications
• Discusses power systems, communications, and machine learning that all define the smart grid
• It introduces the new field of power system information theory.
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Radome Electromagnetic Theory and Design
by Reuven Shavit
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Radome Electromagnetic Theory and Design” explores the theoretical tools and methods required to design radomes that are fully transparent to the electromagnetic energy transmitted or received by the enclosed antenna. A radome is a weatherproof and camouflaged enclosure that protects the enclosed radar or communication antenna and are typically used on a fixed or moving platform such as an aircraft, ship or missile.
The author-a noted expert in the field-examines the theoretical methods that apply to all type of radomes: planar, conformal, airborne and ground based. The text offers a description of the various measurement methods that characterise the electrical parameters of a radome and discusses their merits in terms of accuracy. This groundbreaking book brings together in one volume all the necessary theoretical tools to design radomes
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Frequency Variations in Power Systems
Modeling, State Estimation, and Control
by Federico Milano
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Frequency Variations in Power Systems: Modeling, State Estimation and Control presents the Frequency Divider Formula (FDF)”; a unique approach that defines, calculates and estimates the frequency in electrical energy systems. This authoritative book is written by two noted researchers on the topic. They define the meaning of frequency of an electrical quantity (such as voltage and current) in non-stationary conditions (for example the frequency is not equal to the nominal one) and pose the foundation of the frequency divider formula. The book describes the consequences of using a variable frequency in power system modelling and simulations, in state estimation and frequency control applications.
In addition, the authors include a discussion on the applications of the frequency divider in systems where part of the generation is not based on synchronous machines, but rather on converter-interfaced energy resources, such as wind and solar power plants. This important book:
• Offers a review that clearly defines and shows how the Frequency Divider Formula can be applied
• Discusses the link between frequency and energy in power systems
• Presents a unified vision that accurately reveals the common thread that links modelling, control and estimation
• Includes information on the many implications that "local frequency variations" have on power system dynamics and control
• Contains several numerical examples
Written for researchers, academic staff members, students, specialised consultants and professional software developers, Frequency Variations in Power Systems questions the conventional transient stability model of power system and proposes a new formulation.