IEEE Press
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Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding
EXIT-Chart-Aided Near-Capacity Designs for Wireless Channels
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Covering the full range of channel codes from the most conventional through to the most advanced, the second edition of Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding is a self-contained reference on channel coding for wireless channels. The book commences with a historical perspective on the topic, which leads to two basic component codes, convolutional and block codes. It then moves on to turbo codes which exploit iterative decoding by using algorithms, such as the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP), Log-MAP and Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA), comparing their performance. It also compares Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM), Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Iterative BICM (BICM-ID) under various channel conditions.
The horizon of the content is then extended to incorporate topics which have found their way into diverse standard systems. These include space-time block and trellis codes, as well as other Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) schemes and near-instantaneously Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM). The book also elaborates on turbo equalisation by providing a detailed portrayal of recent advances in partial response modulation schemes using diverse channel codes.
A radically new aspect for this second edition is the discussion of multi-level coding and sphere-packing schemes, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts, as well as an introduction to the family of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes.
This new edition includes recent advances in near-capacity turbo-transceivers as well as new sections on multi-level coding schemes and of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes
• Comparatively studies diverse channel coded and turbo detected systems to give all-inclusive information for researchers, engineers and students
• Details EXIT-chart based irregular transceiver designs
• Uses rich performance comparisons as well as diverse near-capacity design examples.
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Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow
by Alexander Eigeles Emanuel
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Professor Emanuel uses clear presentation to compare and facilitate understanding of two seminal standards, The IEEE Std. 1459 and The DIN 40110-2:2002-11. Through critical analysis of the most important and recent theories and review of basic concepts, a highly accessible guide to the essence of the standards is presented.
Key features:
• Explains the physical mechanism of energy flow under different conditions: single- and three-phase, sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal, balanced and unbalanced systems
• Starts at an elementary level and becomes more complex, with six core chapters and six appendices to clarify the mathematical aspects
• Discusses and recommends power definitions that played a significant historical role in paving the road for the two standards
• Provides a number of original unsolved problems at the end of each chapter
• Introduces a new nonactive power, the Randomness power.
Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow is useful for electrical engineers and consultants involved in energy and power quality. It is also helpful to engineers dealing with energy flow quantification, design and manufacturing of metering instrumentation, consultants working with regulations related to renewable energy courses and the smart grid, and electric utility planning and operation engineers dealing with energy bill structure. The text is also relevant to university researchers, professors, and advanced students in power systems, power quality and energy related courses.
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Near-Capacity Variable-Length Coding
Regular and EXIT-Chart-Aided Irregular Designs
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 24 of the IEEE Press series
Recent developments such as the invention of powerful turbo-decoding and irregular designs, together with the increase in the number of potential applications to multimedia signal compression, have increased the importance of variable length coding (VLC). Providing insights into the very latest research, the authors examine the design of diverse near-capacity VLC codes in the context of wireless telecommunications.
The book commences with an introduction to Information Theory, followed by a discussion of Regular as well as Irregular Variable Length Coding and their applications in joint source and channel coding. Near-capacity designs are created using Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. The latest techniques are discussed, outlining radical concepts such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) aided construction of diverse VLC codes. The book concludes with two chapters on VLC-based space-time transceivers as well as on frequency-hopping assisted schemes, followed by suggestions for future work on the topic.
• Surveys the historic evolution and development of VLCs
• Discusses the very latest research into VLC codes
• Introduces the novel concept of Irregular VLCs and their application in joint-source and channel coding
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MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WiFi and WiMAX
Coherent versus Non-coherent and Cooperative Turbo Transceivers
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 26 of the IEEE Press series
“MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WIFI and WIMAX: Coherent versus Non-Coherent and Cooperative Turbo-Transceivers” provides an up-to-date portrayal of wireless transmission based on OFDM techniques augmented with Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) and Spatial-Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The volume also offers an in-depth treatment of cutting-edge Cooperative Communications.
This monograph collates the latest techniques in a number of specific design areas of turbo-detected MIMO-OFDM wireless systems. As a result, a wide range of topical subjects are examined, including channel coding and multiuser detection (MUD), with a special emphasis on optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) MUDs, reduced-complexity genetic algorithm aided near-ML MUDs and sphere detection. The benefits of spreading codes as well as joint iterative channel and data estimation are only a few of the radical new features of the book.
Also considered are the benefits of turbo and LDPC channel coding, the entire suite of known joint coding and modulation schemes, space-time coding as well as SDM/SDMA MIMOs within the context of various application examples. The book systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems; the depth of discussions increases towards the end of the book.
• Discusses many state-of-the-art topics important to today's wireless communications engineers.
• Includes numerous complete system design examples for the industrial practitioner.
• Offers a detailed portrayal of sphere detection.
• Based on over twenty years of research into OFDM in the context of various applications, subsequently presenting comprehensive bibliographies.
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Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems
by Remus Teodorescu
Part 29 of the IEEE Press series
Grid converters are the key player in renewable energy integration. The high penetration of renewable energy systems is calling for new more stringent grid requirements. As a consequence, the grid converters should be able to exhibit advanced functions like: dynamic control of active and reactive power, operation within a wide range of voltage and frequency, voltage ride-through capability, reactive current injection during faults, grid services support.
This book explains the topologies, modulation and control of grid converters for both photovoltaic and wind power applications. In addition to power electronics, this book focuses on the specific applications in photovoltaic wind power systems where grid condition is an essential factor.
With a review of the most recent grid requirements for photovoltaic and wind power systems, the book discusses these other relevant issues:
• modern grid inverter topologies for photovoltaic and wind turbines
• islanding detection methods for photovoltaic systems
• synchronization techniques based on second order generalized integrators (SOGI)
• advanced synchronization techniques with robust operation under grid unbalance condition grid filter design and active damping techniques
• power control under grid fault conditions, considering both positive and negative sequences
“Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems” is intended as a coursebook for graduated students with a background in electrical engineering and also for professionals in the evolving renewable energy industry.
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Nonlinear Distortion in Wireless Systems
Modeling and Simulation with MATLAB
by Khaled M. Gharaibeh
Part 32 of the IEEE Press series
This book covers the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in wireless communication systems with MATLAB simulations and techniques.
In this book, the author describes the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in single and multichannel wireless communication systems using both deterministic and stochastic signals. Models and simulation methods of nonlinear amplifiers explain in detail how to analyze and evaluate the performance of data communication links under nonlinear amplification. The book addresses the analysis of nonlinear systems with stochastic inputs and establishes the performance metrics of communication systems with regard to nonlinearity. In addition, the author also discusses the problem of how to embed models of distortion in system-level simulators such as MATLAB and MATLAB Simulink and provides practical techniques that professionals can use on their own projects. Finally, the book explores simulation and programming issues and provides a comprehensive reference of simulation tools for nonlinearity in wireless communication systems.
Key Features:
• Covers the theory, models and simulation tools needed for understanding nonlinearity and nonlinear distortion in wireless systems
• Presents simulation and modeling techniques for nonlinear distortion in wireless channels using MATLAB
• Uses random process theory to develop simulation tools for predicting nonlinear system performance with real-world wireless communication signals
• Focuses on simulation examples of real-world communication systems under nonlinearity
• Includes an accompanying website containing MATLAB code
This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers, RF engineers, and communication system engineers working in the field. Graduate students and professors undertaking related courses will also find the book of interest.
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Optical CDMA Networks
Principles, Analysis and Applications
by Hooshang Ghafouri-Shiraz
Part 38 of the IEEE Press series
This book focuses heavily on the principles, analysis and applications of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques in optical communication systems and networks.
In this book, the authors intimately discuss modern optical networks and their applications in current and emerging communication technologies, evaluating the quality, speed and number of supported services. In particular, principles and fundamentals of optical CDMA techniques from beginner to advanced levels are heavily covered. Furthermore, the authors concentrate on methods and techniques of various encoding and decoding schemes and their structures, as well as analysis of optical CDMA systems with various transceiver models including advanced multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations with the architecture of access/aggregation networks in mind. Moreover, authors examine intriguing topics of optical CDMA networking, compatibility with IP networks, and implementation of optical multi-rate multi-service CDMA networks.
Key features:
• Expanded coverage of optical CDMA networks, starts from principles and fundamentals
• Comprehensive mathematical modelling and analysis from signal to system levels
• Addresses the applications of modern optical networking in the current and emerging communication technologies
• Greater focus on advanced optical multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations, spreading codes, and transceiver designs
• Detailed hardware specifications, system-level block diagrams, and network nodes' functionalities
This book appeals to researchers, practicing engineers, and advanced students. It is a practical resource for readers with an interest in optical communications and networks.
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Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives
by Patricio Cortes
Part 40 of the IEEE Press series
Describes the general principles and current research into Model Predictive Control (MPC), the most up-to-date control method for power converters and drives
The book starts with an introduction to the subject before the first chapter on classical control methods for power converters and drives. This covers classical converter control methods and classical electrical drives control methods. The next chapter on Model predictive control first looks at predictive control methods for power converters and drives and presents the basic principles of MPC. It then looks at MPC for power electronics and drives. The third chapter is on predictive control applied to power converters. It discusses: control of a three-phase inverter, control of a neutral point clamped inverter, control of an active front end rectifier, and, control of a matrix converter. In the middle of the book there is Chapter four - Predictive control applied to motor drives. This section analyses predictive torque control of industrial machines and predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Design and implementation issues of model predictive control is the subject of the final chapter. The following topics are described in detail: cost function selection, weighting factors design, delay compensation, effect of model errors, and prediction of future references. While there are hundreds of books teaching control of electrical energy using pulse width modulation, this will be the very first book published in this new topic.
• Unique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way
• Discusses the application of predictive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies
• Matlab is included on a complementary website so the reader can run their own simulations
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Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing
Spectral Analysis and Applications
by Antonio Napolitano
Part 95 of the IEEE Press series
The relative motion between the transmitter and the receiver modifies the nonstationarity properties of the transmitted signal. In particular, the almost-cyclostationarity property exhibited by almost all modulated signals adopted in communications, radar, sonar, and telemetry can be transformed into more general kinds of nonstationarity. A proper statistical characterization of the received signal allows for the design of signal processing algorithms for detection, estimation, and classification that significantly outperform algorithms based on classical descriptions of signals.
“Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing” addresses these issues and includes the following key features:
• Presents the underlying theoretical framework, accompanied by details of their practical application, for the mathematical models of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes; two classes of signals finding growing importance in areas such as mobile communications, radar and sonar.
• Explains second-and higher-order characterization of nonstationary stochastic processes in time and frequency domains.
• Discusses continuous-and discrete-time estimators of statistical functions of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes.
• Provides analysis of mean-square consistency and asymptotic Normality of statistical function estimators.
• Offers extensive analysis of Doppler channels owing to the relative motion between transmitter and receiver and/or surrounding scatterers.
• Performs signal analysis using both the classical stochastic-process approach and the functional approach, where statistical functions are built starting from a single function of time.
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Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration
by Qing-Chang Zhong
Part 97 of the IEEE Press series
Integrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest "new frontier" for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids.
This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents conventional power conversion methodologies and then 'non-conventional' methods, with a highly accessible summary of the latest developments in power inverters as well as insight into the grid connection of renewable power.
Consisting of four parts – Power Quality Control, Neutral Line Provision, Power Flow Control, and Synchronisation – this book fully demonstrates the integration of control and power electronics.
Key features include:
• the fundamentals of power processing and hardware design
• innovative control strategies to systematically treat the control of power inverters
• extensive experimental results for most of the control strategies presented
• the pioneering work on "synchronverters" which has gained IET Highly Commended Innovation Award
Engineers working on inverter design and those at power system utilities can learn how advanced control strategies could improve system performance and work in practice. The book is a useful reference for researchers who are interested in the area of control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and distributed generation, smart grids, flexible AC transmission systems, and power systems for more-electric aircraft and all-electric ships. This is also a handy text for graduate students and university professors in the areas of electrical power engineering, advanced control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and smart grid integration.
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Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning
A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach
by Lidia Ghosh
Part of the IEEE Press series
Proposes computational models of human memory and learning using a brain-computer interfacing (BCI) approach.
Human memory modeling is important from two perspectives. First, the precise fitting of the model to an individual's short-term or working memory may help in predicting memory performance of the subject in future. Second, memory models provide a biological insight to the encoding and recall mechanisms undertaken by the neurons present in active brain lobes, participating in the memorization process. This book models human memory from a cognitive standpoint by utilizing brain activations acquired from the cortex by electroencephalographic (EEG) and functional near-infrared-spectroscopic (f-NIRs) means.
“Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning. A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach” begins with an overview of the early models of memory. The authors then propose a simplistic model of Working Memory (WM) built with fuzzy Hebbian learning. A second perspective of memory models is concerned with Short-Term Memory (STM)-modeling in the context of 2-dimensional object-shape reconstruction from visually examined memorized instances. A third model assesses the subjective motor learning skill in driving from erroneous motor actions. Other models introduce a novel strategy of designing a two-layered deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier network and also deal with cognitive load assessment in motor learning tasks associated with driving. The book ends with concluding remarks based on principles and experimental results acquired in previous chapters.
• Examines the scope of computational models of memory and learning with special emphasis on classification of memory tasks by deep learning-based models
• Proposes two algorithms of type-2 fuzzy reasoning: Interval Type-2 fuzzy reasoning (IT2FR) and General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (GT2FS)
• Considers three classes of cognitive loads in the motor learning tasks for driving learners
“Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning. A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach” will appeal to researchers in cognitive neuro-science and human/brain-computer interfaces. It is also beneficial to graduate students of computer science/electrical/electronic engineering.
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Engineering Autonomous Vehicles and Robots
The DragonFly Modular-based Approach
by Shaoshan Liu
Part of the IEEE Press series
Offers a step-by-step guide to building autonomous vehicles and robots, with source code and accompanying videos.
The first book of its kind on the detailed steps for creating an autonomous vehicle or robot, this book provides an overview of the technology and introduction of the key elements involved in developing autonomous vehicles and offers an excellent introduction to the basics for someone new to the topic of autonomous vehicles and the innovative, modular-based engineering approach called DragonFly.
“Engineering Autonomous Vehicles and Robots: The DragonFly Modular-based Approach” covers everything that technical professionals need to know about: CAN bus, chassis, sonars, radars, GNSS, computer vision, localization, perception, motion planning, and more. Particularly, it covers Computer Vision for active perception and localization, as well as mapping and motion planning. The book offers several case studies on the building of an autonomous passenger pod, bus, and vending robot. It features a large amount of supplementary material, including the standard protocol and sample codes for chassis, sonar, and radar. GPSD protocol/NMEA protocol and GPS deployment methods are also provided. Most importantly, readers will learn the philosophy behind the DragonFly modular-based design approach, which empowers readers to design and build their own autonomous vehicles and robots with flexibility and affordability.
• Offers progressive guidance on building autonomous vehicles and robots
• Provides detailed steps and codes to create an autonomous machine, at affordable cost, and with a modular approach
• Written by one of the pioneers in the field building autonomous vehicles
• Includes case studies, source code, and state-of-the art research results
• Accompanied by a website with supplementary material, including sample code for chassis/sonar/radar; GPS deployment methods; Vision Calibration methods
Engineering Autonomous Vehicles and Robots is an excellent book for students, researchers, and practitioners in the field of autonomous vehicles and robots.
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The Principles of Electronic and Electromechanic Power Conversion
A Systems Approach
by Braham Ferreira
Part of the IEEE Press series
A top-down approach that enables readers to master and apply core principles.
Using an innovative top-down approach, this text makes it possible for readers to master and apply the principles of contemporary power electronics and electromechanic power conversion, exploring both systems and individual components. First, the text introduces the role and system context of power conversion functions. Then the authors examine the building blocks of power conversion systems, describing how the components exchange power. Lastly, readers learn the principles of static and electromechanic power conversion.
“The Principles of Electronic and Electromechanic Power Conversion” opens with a chapter that introduces core concepts in electrical systems and power conversion, followed by a chapter dedicated to electrical power sources and energy storage. Next, the book covers:
• Power, reactive power, and power factor
• Magnetically coupled networks
• Dynamics of rotational systems
• Power electronic converters
• DC machines
• AC machines
The text offers readers a concise treatise on the basic concepts of magnetic circuits. Its simple approach to machines makes the principles of field-oriented control and space vector theory highly accessible. In order to help readers fully grasp power electronics, the authors focus on topologies that use a series transistor and diode combination connected to a DC source, a standard building block of today's power conversion systems. Problem sets at the end of each chapter enable readers to fully master each topic as they progress through the text.
In summary, “The Principles of Electronic and Electromechanic Power Conversion” provides the most up-to-date, relevant tools needed by today's power engineers, making it an ideal undergraduate textbook as well as a self-study guide for practicing engineers.
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Introduction to Modern Planar Transmission Lines
Physical, Analytical, and Circuit Models Approach
by Anand K. Verma
Part of the IEEE Press series
Provides a comprehensive discussion of planar transmission lines and their applications, focusing on physical understanding, analytical approach, and circuit models.
Planar transmission lines form the core of the modern high-frequency communication, computer, and other related technology. This advanced text gives a complete overview of the technology and acts as a comprehensive tool for radio frequency (RF) engineers that reflects a linear discussion of the subject from fundamentals to more complex arguments.
“Introduction to Modern Planar Transmission Lines: Physical, Analytical, and Circuit Models Approach” begins with a discussion of waves on transmission lines and waves in material medium, including a large number of illustrative examples from published results. After explaining the electrical properties of dielectric media, the book moves on to the details of various transmission lines including waveguide, microstrip line, co-planar waveguide, strip line, slot line, and coupled transmission lines. A number of special and advanced topics are discussed in later chapters, such as fabrication of planar transmission lines, static variational methods for planar transmission lines, multilayer planar transmission lines, spectral domain analysis, resonators, periodic lines and surfaces, and metamaterial realization and circuit models.
• Emphasizes modeling using physical concepts, circuit-models, closed-form expressions, and full derivation of a large number of expressions
• Explains advanced mathematical treatment, such as the variation method, conformal mapping method, and SDA
• Connects each section of the text with forward and backward cross-referencing to aid in personalized self-study “Introduction to Modern Planar Transmission Lines” is an ideal book for senior undergraduate and graduate students of the subject. It will also appeal to new researchers with the inter-disciplinary background, as well as to engineers and professionals in industries utilizing RF/microwave technologies.
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Transient Analysis of Power Systems
A Practical Approach
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
A hands-on introduction to advanced applications of power system transients with practical examples.
“Transient Analysis of Power Systems: A Practical Approach” offers an authoritative guide to the traditional capabilities and the new software and hardware approaches that can be used to carry out transient studies and make possible new and more complex research. The book explores a wide range of topics from an introduction to the subject to a review of the many advanced applications, involving the creation of custom-made models and tools and the application of multicore environments for advanced studies.
The authors cover the general aspects of the transient analysis such as modelling guidelines, solution techniques and capabilities of a transient tool. The book also explores the usual application of a transient tool including over-voltages, power quality studies and simulation of power electronics devices. In addition, it contains an introduction to the transient analysis using the ATP. All the studies are supported by practical examples and simulation results. This important book:
• Summarises modelling guidelines and solution techniques used in transient analysis of power systems
• Provides a collection of practical examples with a detailed introduction and a discussion of results
• Includes a collection of case studies that illustrate how a simulation tool can be used for building environments that can be applied to both analysis and design of power systems
• Offers guidelines for building custom-made models and libraries of modules, supported by some practical examples
• Facilitates application of a transients tool to fields hardly covered with other time-domain simulation tools
• Includes a companion website with data (input) files of examples presented, case studies and power point presentations used to support cases studies
Written for EMTP users, electrical engineers, “Transient Analysis of Power Systems” is a hands-on and practical guide to advanced applications of power system transients that includes a range of practical examples.
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Microgrid Planning and Design
A Concise Guide
by Hassan Farhangi
Part of the IEEE Press series
A practical guide to microgrid systems architecture, design topologies, control strategies and integration approaches.
“Microgrid Planning and Design” offers a detailed and authoritative guide to microgrid systems. The authors-noted experts on the topic-explore what is involved in the design of a microgrid, examine the process of mapping designs to accommodate available technologies and reveal how to determine the efficacy of the final outcome. This practical book is a compilation of collaborative research results drawn from a community of experts in 8 different universities over a 6-year period.
“Microgrid Planning and Design” contains a review of microgrid benchmarks for the electric power system and covers the mathematical modeling that can be used during the microgrid design processes. The authors include real-world case studies, validated benchmark systems and the components needed to plan and design an effective microgrid system. This important guide:
• Offers a practical and up-to-date book that examines leading edge technologies related to the smart grid
• Covers in detail all aspects of a microgrid from conception to completion
• Explores a modeling approach that combines power and communication systems
• Recommends modeling details that are appropriate for the type of study to be performed
• Defines typical system studies and requirements associated with the operation of the microgrid
Written for graduate students and professionals in the electrical engineering industry, “Microgrid Planning and Design” is a guide to smart microgrids that can help with their strategic energy objectives such as increasing reliability, efficiency, autonomy and reducing greenhouse gases.
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Multi-terminal Direct-Current Grids
Modeling, Analysis, and Control
by Nilanjan Chaudhuri
Part of the IEEE Press series
A generic DC grid model that is compatible with the standard AC system stability model is presented and used to analyse the interaction between the DC grid and the host AC systems.
A multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grid interconnecting multiple AC systems and offshore energy sources (e.g. wind farms) across the nations and continents would allow effective sharing of intermittent renewable resources and open market operation for secure and cost-effective supply of electricity. However, such DC grids are unprecedented with no operational experience. Despite lots of discussions and specific visions for setting up such MTDC grids particularly in Europe, none has yet been realized in practice due to two major technical barriers:
• Lack of proper understanding about the interaction between a MTDC grid and the surrounding AC systems.
• Commercial unavailability of efficient DC side fault current interruption technology for conventional voltage sourced converter systems
This book addresses the first issue in details by presenting a comprehensive modeling, analysis and control design framework. Possible methodologies for autonomous power sharing and exchange of frequency support across a MTDC grid and their impact on overall stability is covered. An overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges and on-going research and development initiatives for DC side fault current interruption is also presented.
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Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication
by Nathan Blaunstein
Part of the IEEE Press series
A GUIDE TO THE FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND PRACTICE OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
“Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication” offers a much needed guide to characterizing and overcoming the drawbacks associated with optical communication links that suffer from various types of fading when optical signals with information traverse these wireless (atmospheric) or wired (fiber optic) channels.
The authors-noted experts on the topic-present material that aids in predicting the capacity, data rate, spectral efficiency, and bit-error-rate associated with a channel that experiences fading. They review modulation techniques and methods of coding and decoding that are useful when implementing communications systems. The book also discusses how to model the channels, including treating distortion due to the various fading phenomena. Light waves and their similarity to radio waves are explored, and the way light propagates through the atmosphere, through materials, and through the boundary between two materials is explained. This important book:
• Characterizes principal optical sources and detectors, including descriptions of their advantages and disadvantages, to show how to design systems from start to finish
• Provides a new method of predicting and dealing with the dispersive properties of fiber optic cables and other optical guiding structures in order to increase data stream capacity
• Highlights effects of material and multimode (multi-ray) dispersion during propagation of optical signals with data through fiber optic channels
• Presents modulation techniques and methods of coding and decoding that are useful when implementing communications systems
Written for professionals dealing with optical and electro-optical communications, “Fiber Optic and Atmospheric Optical Communication” explores the theory and practice of optical communication both when the optical signal is propagating through the atmosphere and when it is propagating through an optical fiber.
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Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design
by Nan Zheng
Part of the IEEE Press series
Explains current co-design and co-optimization methodologies for building hardware neural networks and algorithms for machine learning applications.
This book focuses on how to build energy-efficient hardware for neural networks with learning capabilities-and provides co-design and co-optimization methodologies for building hardware neural networks that can learn. Presenting a complete picture from high-level algorithm to low-level implementation details, “Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design” also covers many fundamentals and essentials in neural networks (e.g., deep learning), as well as hardware implementation of neural networks.
The book begins with an overview of neural networks. It then discusses algorithms for utilizing and training rate-based artificial neural networks. Next comes an introduction to various options for executing neural networks, ranging from general-purpose processors to specialized hardware, from digital accelerator to analog accelerator. A design example on building energy-efficient accelerator for adaptive dynamic programming with neural networks is also presented. An examination of fundamental concepts and popular learning algorithms for spiking neural networks follows that, along with a look at the hardware for spiking neural networks. Then comes a chapter offering readers three design examples (two of which are based on conventional CMOS, and one on emerging nanotechnology) to implement the learning algorithm found in the previous chapter. The book concludes with an outlook on the future of neural network hardware.
• Includes cross-layer survey of hardware accelerators for neuromorphic algorithms
• Covers the co-design of architecture and algorithms with emerging devices for much-improved computing efficiency
• Focuses on the co-design of algorithms and hardware, which is especially critical for using emerging devices, such as traditional memristors or diffusive memristors, for neuromorphic computing
“Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design” is an ideal resource for researchers, scientists, software engineers, and hardware engineers dealing with the ever-increasing requirement on power consumption and response time. It is also excellent for teaching and training undergraduate and graduate students about the latest generation neural networks with powerful learning capabilities.
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Electromagnetic Metasurfaces
Theory and Applications
by Karim Achouri
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover a comprehensive exploration of recent developments and fundamental concepts in the applications of metasurfaces.
In “Electromagnetic Metasurfaces: Theory and Applications”, distinguished researchers and authors Karim Achouri and Christophe Caloz deliver an introduction to the fundamentals and applications of metasurfaces and an insightful analysis of recent and future developments in the field. The book describes the precursors and history of metasurfaces before continuing on to an exploration of the physical insights that can be gleaned from the material parameters of the metasurface.
You'll learn how to compute the fields scattered by a metasurface with known material parameters being illuminated by an arbitrary incident field, as well as how to realize a practical metasurface and relate its material parameters to its physical structures. The authors provide examples to illustrate all the concepts discussed in the book to improve and simplify reader understanding.
“Electromagnetic Metasurfaces” concludes with an incisive discussion of the likely future directions and research opportunities in the field.
Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction to metamaterials, the concept of metasurfaces, and metasurface precursors
• An exploration of electromagnetic modeling and theory, including metasurfaces as zero-thickness sheets and bianisotropic susceptibility tensors
• A practical discussion of susceptibility synthesis, including four-parameters synthesis, more than four-parameters synthesis, and the addition of susceptibility components
• A concise treatment of scattered-field analysis, including approximate analytical methods, and finite-difference frequency-domain techniques
Perfect for researchers in metamaterial sciences and engineers working with microwave, THz, and optical technologies, “Electromagnetic Metasurfaces: Theory and Applications” will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate and undergraduate students in physics and electrical engineering.
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The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication
by Tapan K. Sarkar
Part of the IEEE Press series
An important resource that examines the physical aspects of wireless communications based on mathematical and physical evidence.
“The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication” describes the electromagnetic principles for designing a cellular wireless system and includes the subtle electromagnetic principles that are often overlooked in designing such a system. This important text explores both the physics and mathematical concepts used in deploying antennas for transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals and examines how to select the proper methodology from a wide range of scenarios.
In this much-needed guide, the authors-noted experts in the field-explore the principle of electromagnetics as developed through the Maxwellian principles and describe the properties of an antenna in the frequency domain. The text also includes a review of the characterization of propagation path loss in a cellular wireless environment and examines ultrawideband antennas and the mechanisms of broadband transmission of both power and information. This important resource:
• Includes a discussion of the shortcomings of a MIMO system from both theoretical and practical aspects
• Demonstrates how to deploy base station antennas with better efficiency
• Validates the principle and the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic propagation in cellular wireless communication
• Contains results of experiments that are solidly grounded in mathematics and physics
Written for engineers, researchers, and educators who are or plan to work in the field, “The Physics and Mathematics of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cellular Wireless Communication” offers an essential resource for understanding the principles underpinning wireless communications.
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Reflectarray Antennas
Theory, Designs, and Applications
by Payam Nayeri
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book provides engineers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in reflectarray antenna research and development. The authors describe, in detail, design procedures for a wide range of applications, including broadband, multi-band, multi-beam, contour-beam, beam-scanning, and conformal reflectarray antennas. They provide sufficient coverage of basic reflectarray theory to fully understand reflectarray antenna design and analysis such that the readers can pursue reflectarray research on their own. Throughout the book numerous illustrative design examples including numerical and experimental results are provided.
Featuring in-depth theoretical analysis along with practical design examples, “Reflectarray Antennas” is an excellent text/reference for engineering graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of antennas. It belongs on the bookshelves of university libraries, research institutes, and industrial labs and research facilities.
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Wireless Information and Power Transfer
Theory and Practice
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Wireless Information and Power Transfer” offers an authoritative and comprehensive guide to the theory, models, techniques, implementation and application of wireless information and power transfer (WIPT) in energy-constrained wireless communication networks. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this important resource covers the various aspects of WIPT systems such as, system modeling, physical layer techniques, resource allocation and performance analysis. The contributors also explore targeted research problems typically encountered when designing WIPT systems.
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Radar Data Processing With Applications
by He You
Part of the IEEE Press series
A summary of thirty years' worth of research, this book is a systematic introduction to the theory, development, and latest research results of radar data processing technology. Highlights of the book include sections on data pre-processing technology, track initiation, and data association. Readers are also introduced to maneuvering target tracking, multiple target tracking termination, and track management theory. In order to improve data analysis, the authors have also included group tracking registration algorithms and a performance evaluation of radar data processing.
• Presents both classical theory and development methods of radar data processing
• Provides state-of-the-art research results, including data processing for modern radars and tracking performance evaluation theory
• Includes coverage of performance evaluation, registration algorithm for radar networks, data processing of passive radar, pulse Doppler radar, and phased array radar
• Features applications for those engaged in information engineering, radar engineering, electronic countermeasures, infrared techniques, sonar techniques, and military command
“Radar Data Processing with Applications” is a handy guide for engineers and industry professionals specializing in the development of radar equipment and data processing. It is also intended as a reference text for electrical engineering graduate students and researchers specializing in signal processing and radars.
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Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide
by Jose M. De La Rosa
Part of the IEEE Press series
Thoroughly revised and expanded to help readers systematically increase their knowledge and insight about Sigma-Delta Modulators.
Sigma-Delta Modulators (SDMs) have become one of the best choices for the implementation of analog/digital interfaces of electronic systems integrated in CMOS technologies. Compared to other kinds of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), Σ∆Ms cover one of the widest conversion regions of the resolution-versus-bandwidth plane, being the most efficient solution to digitize signals in an increasingly number of applications, which span from high-resolution low-bandwidth digital audio, sensor interfaces, and instrumentation, to ultra-low power biomedical systems and medium-resolution broadband wireless communications.
Following the spirit of its first edition, “Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide”, 2nd Edition takes a comprehensive look at SDMs, their diverse types of architectures, circuit techniques, analysis synthesis methods, and CAD tools, as well as their practical design considerations. It compiles and updates the current research reported on the topic, and explains the multiple trade-offs involved in the whole design flow of Sigma-Delta Modulators-from specifications to chip implementation and characterization. The book follows a top-down approach in order to provide readers with the necessary understanding about recent advances, trends, and challenges in state-of-the-art Σ∆Ms. It makes more emphasis on two key points, which were not treated so deeply in the first edition:
• It includes a more detailed explanation of Σ∆Ms implemented using Continuous-Time (CT) circuits, going from system-level synthesis to practical circuit limitations.
• It provides more practical case studies and applications, as well as a deeper description of the synthesis methodologies and CAD tools employed in the design of Σ∆ converters.
“Sigma-Delta Converters: Practical Design Guide”, 2nd Edition serves as an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering as well as design engineers working on SD data-converters, who are looking for a uniform and self-contained reference in this hot topic. With this goal in mind, and based on the feedback received from readers, the contents have been revised and structured to make this new edition a unique monograph written in a didactical, pedagogical, and intuitive style.
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Active Electronically Scanned Arrays
Fundamentals and Applications
by Arik D. Brown
Part of the IEEE Press series
In “Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications”, electromagnetics expert Dr. Arik D. Brown delivers a foundational treatment of active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) ideal for engineering students and professionals. The distinguished author provides an overview of the primary subsystems of an AESA and detailed explanations of key design concepts and fundamentals for subsystems, including antenna array elements, transmit/receive modules, and beamformers.
Performance results for various AESA architectures often found in industry, including analog, subarrayed, and digital beamforming AESAs, are discussed. With a focus on practical knowledge and applications, Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications offers an accessible overview of a technology critical to the implementation of collision avoidance in cars, air surveillance radar, communication antennas, and defense technologies.
The book also includes:
• A thorough introduction to AESAs, including a top-level block diagram view and explanations of key components and subsystems
• Detailed explanations of the impact of AESAs on mission applications including Radar, Electronic Attack (EA), Electronic Support Measures (ESM), SIGINT and Communications
• Comprehensive explorations of antenna array elements, transmit/receive modules, and beamformers including their purpose, functions, and practical design considerations
• In-depth examinations of AESA architecture performance for current and future systems
• Utility of AESAs for implementing adaptive beamforming for Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM)
Perfect for electrical engineers working with active electronically scanned arrays, electronic warfare technologies, radar, or communications, “Active Electronically Scanned Arrays: Fundamentals and Applications” will also prove to be an invaluable resource for defense students undertaking military education and training.
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Ultra-Capacitors in Power Conversion Systems
Applications, Analysis, and Design from Theory to Practice
by Petar J. Grbovic
Part of the IEEE Press series
Ultra-capacitors, used as short-term energy storage devices, are growing in popularity especially in the transportation and renewable energy sectors. This text provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of ultra-capacitor theory, modeling and module design from an application perspective, focusing on the practical aspects of power conversion and ultra-capacitor integration with power electronics systems.
Key features:
• clearly explains the theoretical and practical aspects of ultra-capacitor, analysis, modelling and design
• describes different power conversion applications such as variable speed drives, renewable energy systems, traction, power quality, diesel electric hybrid applications
• provides detailed guidelines for the design and selection of ultra-capacitor modules and interface dc-dc converters
• includes end-of-chapter exercises and design examples
This is an essential reference for power electronics engineers and professionals wanting to expand their knowledge of advanced ultra-capacitor energy storage devices and their application in power conversion. It is also a valuable resource for industrial design engineers as well as academics and advanced students in power electronics who want to develop their understanding about this highly topical subject.
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Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Presents the components, challenges, and solutions of wireless automation as enablers for industry 4.0.
This timely book introduces the state of the art in industrial automation techniques, concentrating on wireless methods for a variety of applications, ranging from simple smart homes to heavy-duty complex industrial setting with robotics accessibility. It covers a wide range of topics including the industrial revolution enablers, applications, challenges, their possible solutions, and future directions.
“Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution” opens with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and their applications in various domains, emphasizing industrial wireless networks and their future uses. It then takes a look at life-span extension for sensor networks in the industry, followed by a chapter on multiple access and resource sharing for low latency critical industrial networks. Industrial automation is covered next, as is the subject of ultra reliable low latency communications. Other topics include: self-healing in wireless networks; cost efficiency optimization for industrial automation; a non event-based approach for non-intrusive load monitoring; wireless networked control; and caching at the edge in low latency wireless networks. The book finishes with a chapter on the application of terahertz sensing at nano-scale for precision agriculture.
• Introduces the future evolving dimension in industrial automation and discusses the enablers of the industrial revolution
• Places particular emphasis on wireless communication techniques which make industrial automation reliable, efficient, and cost-effective
• Covers many of the associated topics and concepts like robotics, AI, internet-of-things, telesurgery, and remote manufacturing
• Of great interest to researchers from academia and industry who are looking at the industrial development from various perspectives
“Wireless Automation as an Enabler for the Next Industrial Revolution” is an excellent book for telecom engineers, IoT experts, and industry professionals. It would also greatly benefit researchers, professors, and doctorate and postgraduate students involved in automation and industry 4.0.
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Wireless Blockchain
Principles, Technologies and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice
In Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and editors Bin Cao, Lei Zhang, Mugen Peng, and Muhammad Ali Imran deliver a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and potential application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, telecommunications, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities.
The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. You'll discover how these variations and how communication networks affect blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels.
You'll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction to the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology
• An overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends
• Practical discussions of Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-"X" alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority
• A concise examination of smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G
• A treatment of the theoretical relationship between communication networks and blockchain
Perfect for electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics, Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.
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Timed Arrays
Wideband and Time Varying Antenna Arrays
by Randy L. Haupt
Part of the IEEE Press series
Introduces timed arrays and design approaches to meet the new high performance standards.
The author concentrates on any aspect of an antenna array that must be viewed from a time perspective. The first chapters briefly introduce antenna arrays and explain the difference between phased and timed arrays. Since timed arrays are designed for realistic time-varying signals and scenarios, the book also reviews wideband signals, baseband and passband RF signals, polarization and signal bandwidth. Other topics covered include time domain, mutual coupling, wideband elements, and dispersion. The author also presents a number of analog and digital beamforming networks for creating and manipulating beams. The book concludes with an overview of the methods to integrate time delay into the array design and of several other adaptive arrays that prove useful in many different systems.
• Examines RF signal concepts such as polarization and signal bandwidth and their applications to timed antenna arrays
• Covers arrays of point source, elements in timed antenna arrays, active electronically scanned array technology, and time delay in corporate fed arrays
• Includes complete design examples for placing time delay in arrays “Timed Arrays: Wideband and Time Varying Antenna Arrays” is written for practicing engineers and scientists in wireless communication, radar, and remote sensing as well as graduate students and professors interested in advanced antenna topics.
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Gas Insulated Substations
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Comprehensive reference covering all aspects of gas insulated substations including basic principles, technology, use & application, design, specification, testing and ownership issues.
This book provides an overview on the particular development steps of gas insulated high-voltage switchgear, and is based on the information given with the editor's tutorial. The theory is kept low only as much as it is needed to understand gas insulated technology, with the main focus of the book being on delivering practical application knowledge. It discusses some introductory and advanced aspects in the meaning of applications.
The start of the book presents the theory of Gas Insulated Technology, and outlines reliability, design, safety, grounding and bonding, and factors for choosing GIS. The third chapter presents the technology, covering the following in detail: manufacturing, specification, instrument transformers, Gas Insulated Bus, and the assembly process. Next, the book goes into control and monitoring, which covers local control cabinet, bay controller, control schemes, and digital communication. Testing is explained in the middle of the book before installation and energization. Importantly, operation and maintenance is discussed. This chapter includes information on repair, extensions, retrofit or upgrade, and overloading. Finally, applications are covered along with concepts of layout, typical layouts, mixed technology substations, and then other topics such as life cycle assessment, environmental impact, and project management.
• A one-stop, complete reference text on gas insulated substations (GIS), large-capacity and long-distance electricity transmission, which are of increasing importance in the power industry today
• Details advanced and basic material, accessible for both existing GIS users and those planning to adopt the technology
• Discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects of GIS
• Written by acknowledged GIS experts who have been involved in the development of the technology from the start
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Harnessing Green IT
Principles and Practices
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book presents a holistic perspective on Green IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace it.
“Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices” examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener—environmentally sustainable-, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT—complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability. In a single volume, it comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT-green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption-, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to strategically apply green IT in practice in several areas.
Key Features:
• Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of importance and practical relevance-green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption
• Highlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areas
• Features chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green IT
• Presents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain further
• Includes a companion website providing resources for further information and presentation slides
This book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.
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Transient Analysis of Power Systems
Solution Techniques, Tools and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
The simulation of electromagnetic transients is a mature field that plays an important role in the design of modern power systems. Since the first steps in this field to date, a significant effort has been dedicated to the development of new techniques and more powerful software tools. Sophisticated models, complex solution techniques and powerful simulation tools have been developed to perform studies that are of supreme importance in the design of modern power systems. The first developments of transients tools were mostly aimed at calculating over-voltages. Presently, these tools are applied to a myriad of studies (e.g., FACTS and Custom Power applications, protective relay performance, simulation of smart grids) for which detailed models and fast solution methods can be of paramount importance.
This book provides a basic understanding of the main aspects to be considered when performing electromagnetic transients. studies, detailing the main applications of present electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools, and discusses new developments for enhanced simulation capability.
Key features:
• Provides up-to-date information on solution techniques and software capabilities for simulation of electromagnetic transients.
• Covers key aspects that can expand the capabilities of a transient software tool (e.g., interfacing techniques) or speed up transients simulation (e.g. dynamic model averaging).
• Applies EMT-type tools to a wide spectrum of studies that range from fast electromagnetic transients to slow electromechanical transients, including power electronic applications, distributed energy resources and protection systems.
• Illustrates the application of EMT tools to the analysis and simulation of smart grids.
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Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
Power Management, Energy Management, and Power Quality Control
by Farzam Nejabatkhah
Part of the IEEE Press series
Addresses the technical aspects and implementation challenges of smart hybrid AC/DC microgrids.
“Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: Power Management, Energy Management, and Power Quality Control” provides comprehensive coverage of interconnected smart hybrid microgrids, their different structures, and the technical issues associated with their control and implementation in the next generation of smart grids. This authoritative single-volume resource addresses smart hybrid microgrids power management, energy management, communications, power converter control, power quality, renewable generation integration, energy storage, and more.
The book contains both basic and advanced technical information about smart hybrid AC/DC microgrids, featuring a detailed discussion of microgrid structures, communication technologies, and various configurations of interfacing power converters and control strategies. Numerous case studies highlight effective solutions for critical issues in hybrid microgrid operation, control and power quality compensation throughout the text. Topics include control strategies of renewable energy and energy storage interfacing converters in hybrid microgrids, supervisory control strategies of interfacing power converters for microgrid power management and energy microgrid, and smart interfacing power converters for power quality control. This volume:
• Includes a thorough overview of hybrid AC/DC microgrid concepts, structures, and applications
• Discusses communication and security enhancement techniques for guarding against cyberattacks
• Provides detailed controls of smart interfacing power electronics converters from distributed generations and energy storage systems in hybrid AC/DC microgrids
• Provides details on transient and steady-state power management systems in microgrids
• Discusses energy management systems, hierarchical control, multi-agent control, and advanced distribution management control of smart microgrids
• Identifies opportunities to control power quality with smart interfacing power electronic converters
• Addresses power quality issues in the context of real-world applications in data centers, electric railway systems, and electric vehicle charging stations
“Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: Power Management, Energy Management, and Power Quality Control” is a valuable source of up-to-date information for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as academic researchers and industry engineers in the areas of renewable energy, smart grids, microgrids, and power electronics.
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Machine Learning in Image Steganalysis
by Hans Georg Schaathun
Part of the IEEE Press series
Steganography is the art of communicating a secret message, hiding the very existence of a secret message. This book is an introduction to steganalysis as part of the wider trend of multimedia forensics, as well as a practical tutorial on machine learning in this context. It looks at a wide range of feature vectors proposed for steganalysis with performance tests and comparisons. Python programs and algorithms are provided to allow readers to modify and reproduce outcomes discussed in the book.
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The Technology and Business of Mobile Communications
An Introduction
by Mythri Hunukumbure
Part of the IEEE Press series
An intuitive and insightful overview of the technical and business aspects of the telecoms industry
In “The Technology and Business of Mobile Telecommunications: An Introduction”, a team of expert telecommunications researchers and consultants delivers a rigorous exploration of the technical and business aspects of mobile telecommunications. The book offers a complete overview of an industry that has seen rapid technical and economic changes while retaining the ability to provide end users with communications coverage and capacity.
The authors demonstrate the technical foundations of the mobile industry and show how a communications network is deployed. They detail many of the main innovations introduced over the last few years and some of the most salient challenges facing the industry today. The business models of major mobile operators are examined as well, from the purchasing spectrum to network deployment and customer attraction and retention.
The role of the regulator is also thoroughly discussed, with explorations of its role in encouraging the maintenance of a competitive market in which the needs of consumers are met.
Readers will also enjoy:
• Thorough introductions to the social and economic impacts of mobile communications, as well as a brief history of mobile and cellular communications
• Comprehensive explorations of the mobile telecoms ecosystem, from spectrum regulation to standardization, research, end users, operators, vendors, and standard bodies
• Practical discussions of the business models and challenges of mobile operators, including mobile virtual network operators and the implementation of international roaming
• In-depth examinations of telecommunications standards, including 5G
Perfect for anyone studying mobile telecommunications technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels, “The Technology and Business of Mobile Telecommunications: An Introduction” is also an indispensable resource for practitioners within the telecommunications industry in a technical or business-oriented role.
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Body Area Communications
Channel Modeling, Communication Systems, and EMC
by Jianqing Wang
Part of the IEEE Press series
Providing an introduction to the fundamentals of body area communications, this book covers the key topics of channel modeling, modulation and demodulation, and performance evaluation.
A systematic introduction to body area networks (BAN), this book focuses on three major parts: channel modeling, modulation/demodulation communications performance, and electromagnetic compatibility considerations. The content is logically structured to lead readers from an introductory level through to in-depth and more advanced topics.
• Provides a concise introduction to this emerging topic based on classroom-tested materials
• Details the latest IEEE 802.15.6 standard activities
• Moves from very basic physics, to useful mathematic models, and then to practical considerations
• Covers not only EM physics and communications, but also biological applications
• Topics approached include: link budget, bit error rate performance, RAKE and diversity reception; SAR analysis for human safety evaluation; and modeling of electromagnetic interference to implanted cardiac pacemakers
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Fundamentals of Silicon Carbide Technology
Growth, Characterization, Devices and Applications
by Tsunenobu Kimoto
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive introduction and up-to-date reference to SiC power semiconductor devices covering topics from material properties to applications.
Based on a number of breakthroughs in SiC material science and fabrication technology in the 1980s and 1990s, the first SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were released as commercial products in 2001. The SiC SBD market has grown significantly since that time, and SBDs are now used in a variety of power systems, particularly switch-mode power supplies and motor controls. SiC power MOSFETs entered commercial production in 2011, providing rugged, high-efficiency switches for high-frequency power systems. In this wide-ranging book, the authors draw on their considerable experience to present both an introduction to SiC materials, devices, and applications and an in-depth reference for scientists and engineers working in this fast-moving field. Fundamentals of Silicon Carbide Technology covers basic properties of SiC materials, processing technology, theory and analysis of practical devices, and an overview of the most important systems applications. Specifically included are:
• A complete discussion of SiC material properties, bulk crystal growth, epitaxial growth, device fabrication technology, and characterization techniques.
• Device physics and operating equations for Schottky diodes, pin diodes, JBS/MPS diodes, JFETs, MOSFETs, BJTs, IGBTs, and thyristors.
• A survey of power electronics applications, including switch-mode power supplies, motor drives, power converters for electric vehicles, and converters for renewable energy sources.
• Coverage of special applications, including microwave devices, high-temperature electronics, and rugged sensors.
• Fully illustrated throughout, the text is written by recognized experts with over 45 years of combined experience in SiC research and development.
This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in crystal growth, material science, and semiconductor device technology. The book is also useful for design engineers, application engineers, and product managers in areas such as power supplies, converter and inverter design, electric vehicle technology, high-temperature electronics, sensors, and smart grid technology.
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CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters
Practical Design Guide
by Rocio Del Rio
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive overview of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and a practical guide to their design in nano-scale CMOS for optimal performance.
This book presents a systematic and comprehensive compilation of sigma-delta converter operating principles, the new advances in architectures and circuits, design methodologies and practical considerations − going from system-level specifications to silicon integration, packaging and measurements, with emphasis on nanometer CMOS implementation. The book emphasizes practical design issues—from high-level behavioural modelling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, to circuit-level implementation in “Cadence Design FrameWork II”. As well as being a comprehensive reference to the theory, the book is also unique in that it gives special importance on practical issues, giving a detailed description of the different steps that constitute the whole design flow of sigma-delta ADCs.
The book begins with an introductory survey of sigma-delta modulators, their fundamentals architectures and synthesis methods covered in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the effect of main circuit error mechanisms is analysed, providing the necessary understanding of the main practical issues affecting the performance of sigma-delta modulators. The knowledge derived from the first two chapters is presented in the book as an essential part of the systematic top-down/bottom-up synthesis methodology of sigma-delta modulators described in Chapter 3, where a time-domain behavioural simulator named SIMSIDES is described and applied to the high-level design and verification of sigma-delta ADCs. Chapter 4 moves farther down from system-level to the circuit and physical level, providing a number of design recommendations and practical recipes to complete the design flow of sigma-delta modulators. To conclude the book, Chapter 5 gives an overview of the state-of-the-art sigma-delta ADCs, which are exhaustively analysed in order to extract practical design guidelines and to identify the incoming trends, design challenges as well as practical solutions proposed by cutting-edge designs.
• Offers a complete survey of sigma-delta modulator architectures from fundamentals to state-of-the art topologies, considering both switched-capacitor and continuous-time circuit implementations
• Gives a systematic analysis and practical design guide of sigma-delta modulators, from a top-down/bottom-up perspective, including mathematical models and analytical procedures, behavioural modeling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, macromodeling, and circuit-level implementation in Cadence Design FrameWork II, chip prototyping, and experimental characterization.
• Systematic compilation of cutting-edge sigma-delta modulators
• Complete description of SIMSIDES, a time-domain behavioural simulator implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK
• Plenty of examples, case studies, and simulation test benches, covering the different stages of the design flow of sigma-delta modulators
• A number of electronic resources, including SIMSIDES, the statistical data used in the state-of-the-art survey, as well as many design examples and test benches are hosted on a companion website
Essential reading for Researchers and electronics engineering practitioners interested in the design of high-performance data converters integrated in nanometer CMOS technologies; mixed-signal designers.
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CMOS Voltage References
An Analytical and Practical Perspective
by Chi-Wah Kok
Part of the IEEE Press series
A practical overview of CMOS circuit design, this book covers the technology, analysis, and design techniques of voltage reference circuits. The design requirements covered follow modern CMOS processes, with an emphasis on low power, low voltage, and low temperature coefficient voltage reference design. Dedicating a chapter to each stage of the design process, the authors have organized the content to give readers the tools they need to implement the technologies themselves. Readers will gain an understanding of device characteristics, the practical considerations behind circuit topology, and potential problems with each type of circuit.
Many design examples are used throughout, most of which have been tested with silicon implementation or employed in real-world products. This ensures that the material presented relevant to both students studying the topic as well as readers requiring a practical viewpoint.
• Covers CMOS voltage reference circuit design, from the basics through to advanced topics
• Provides an overview of basic device physics and different building blocks of voltage reference designs
• Features real-world examples based on actual silicon implementation
• Includes analytical exercises, simulation exercises, and silicon layout exercises, giving readers guidance and design layout experience for voltage reference circuits
• Solution manual available to instructors from the book's companion website
This book is highly useful for graduate students in VLSI design, as well as practicing analog engineers and IC design professionals. Advanced undergraduates preparing for further study in VLSI will also find this book a helpful companion text.
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Modern Ferrites, Volume 2
Emerging Technologies and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
A robust exploration of the basic principles of ferrimagnetic and their applications
In “Modern Ferrites: Volume 2”, renowned researcher and educator, Vincent G. Harris delivers a comprehensive overview of ferrimagnetic phenomena and discussions of select applications of modern ferrite materials in emerging technologies and applications. Volume 2 explores fundamental properties of ferrite systems, including their structure, chemistry, and magnetism, as well as practical applications, such as permanent magnets; inductors, inverters, and filters; and their use in emerging applications as metamaterials, multiferroics, and biomedical technologies.
In addition to the properties of ferrites, the included resources explore the processing, structure, and property relationships in ferrites as nanoparticles, thin and thick films, compacts, and crystals. The authors discuss how these relationships are key to realizing practical device applications laying the foundation for next generation communications, radar, sensing, and biomedical technologies.
This volume includes:
• A comprehensive review of ferrite discoveries and impacts upon ancient cultures, their scientific evolution, and societal benefits;
• Discussion of the origins of magnetism in ferrimagnetic oxides including superexchange theory, GKA-rules, and recent developments in density functional theory;
• In-depth examination of ferrite power conversion and conditioning components and their processing as low temperature co-fired ceramics;
• Ferrite-based electromagnetic interference suppression and electromagnetic absorption;
• Nonlinear microwave devices; multiferroic and emerging magnetoelectric devices;
• Biomedical applications of ferrite nanoparticles
Perfect for RF engineers and magnetitians working in the fields of RF electronics, radar, communications, and spintronics as well as other emerging technologies.
“Modern Ferrites” will earn a place on the bookshelves of engineers and scientists interested in the ever-expanding technologies reliant upon ferrite materials and new processing methodologies.
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Multimedia Streaming in SDN/NFV and 5G Networks
Machine Learning for Managing Big Data Streaming
by Alcardo Barakabitze
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive overview of Quality of Experience control and management of multimedia services in future networks
In “Multimedia Streaming in SDN/NFV and 5G Networks”, renowned researchers deliver a high-level exploration of Quality of Experience (QoE) control and management solutions for multimedia services in future softwarized and virtualized 5G networks. The book offers coverage of network softwarization and virtualization technologies, including SDN, NFV, MEC, and Fog/Cloud Computing, as critical elements for the management of multimedia services in future networks, like 5G and 6G networks and beyond.
Providing a fulsome examination of end-to-end QoE control and management solutions in softwarized and virtualized networks, the book concludes with discussions of probable future challenges and research directions in emerging multimedia services and applications, 5G network management and orchestration, network slicing and collaborative service management of multimedia services in softwarized networks, and QoE-oriented business models. The distinguished authors also explore:
• Thorough introductions to 5G networks, including definitions and requirements, as well as Quality of Experience management of multimedia streaming services
• Comprehensive explorations of multimedia streaming services over the internet and network softwarization and virtualization in future networks
• Practical discussions of QoE management using SDN and NFV in future networks, as well as QoE management of multimedia services in emerging architectures, including MEC, ICN, and Fog/Cloud Computing
• In-depth examinations of QoE in emerging applications, 5G network slicing architectures and implementations, and 5G network slicing orchestration and resource management
Perfect for researchers and engineers in multimedia services and telecoms, Multimedia Streaming in SDN/NFV and 5G Networks will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate and senior undergraduate students with interests in computer science, communication engineering, and telecommunication systems.
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Electromechanical Coupling: Theory, Methodology and Applications for High-Performance Microwave Equi
by Baoyan Duan
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Electromechanical Coupling Theory, Methodology, and Applications for High-Performance Microwave Equipment” is an authoritative and up-to-date guide to the structural, mechanical, and electrical aspects of electromechanical coupling. Addressing control, electromagnetism, and structural engineering, this comprehensive reference covers the electromechanical coupling of high-performance microwave electronic equipment (MEE), such as antennas, radar, large radio telescopes, and telecommunication and navigation equipment.
The book is divided into four main sections, beginning with an introduction to electromechanical coupling (EMC) theory and a detailed description of the multi-field coupling model (MFCM) and the influence mechanism (IM) of nonlinear factors of antenna-servo-feeder systems on performance. Subsequent sections discuss MFCM-and IM-based design methodology, EMC-based measurement and testing, computer software for coupling analysis and design of electronic equipment, and various engineering applications of EMC theory and the IM of typical electronic equipment. In addition, the book:
• Discusses information and data transfer in electromagnetic fields, mechanical and structural deformation fields, and temperature fields
• Explains how high-performance microwave electronic equipment differs from traditional mechanical equipment
• Addresses EMC-based and general design-vector based optimization of electronic equipment design
• Describes applications such as a gun-guided radar system for warships and a large-diameter antenna for moon exploration
• Includes evaluation criteria to validate MFCM/IM design theory and methodology
“Electromechanical Coupling Theory, Methodology, and Applications for High-Performance Microwave Equipment” is essential reading for circuit designers, microwave engineers, researchers working with high-frequency microwave engineering, and engineers working with integrated circuits in radar, communications, IoT, antenna engineering, and remote sensing.
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6G Key Technologies
A Comprehensive Guide
by Wei Jiang
Part of the IEEE Press series
6G Key Technologies
An accessible and integrated roadmap to the technologies enabling 6G development.
In “6G Key Technologies: A Comprehensive Guide”, two internationally well-recognized experts deliver a thoroughly original and comprehensive exploration of the technologies enabling and contributing to the development of 6G. The book presents the vision of 6G by reviewing the evolution of communications technologies toward 6G and examining the factors driving that development, as well as their requirements, use cases, key performance indicators, and more.
Readers will discover:
• Thorough introductions to the standardization and technology evolution toward 6G, as well as the vision behind the development of 6G in terms of architectures, algorithms, protocols, and applications.
• In-depth explorations of full-spectrum wireless technologies in 6G, including enhanced millimeter wave technologies, terahertz-based communications and networking, visible-light and optical wireless communications.
• Fulsome discussions of smart radio networks and new air interface technologies for 6G including intelligent reflecting surface, cellular massive MIMO, cell-free massive MIMO, adaptive and non-orthogonal multiple access technologies.
Perfect for professional engineers, researchers, manufacturers, network operators, and software developers, 6G Key Technologies: A Comprehensive Guide will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students studying in wireless communications, artificial intelligence, signal processing, microwave technology, information theory, antenna and propagation, system-on-chip implementation, and computer networks.
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Advances in Hyperspectral Image Processing Techniques
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering recent hyperspectral imaging techniques from theory to applications.
“Advances in Hyperspectral Image Processing Techniques” is derived from recent developments of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques along with new applications in the field, covering many new ideas that have been explored and have led to various new directions in the past few years.
The work gathers an array of disparate research into one resource and explores its numerous applications across a wide variety of disciplinary areas. In particular, it includes an introductory chapter on fundamentals of HSI and a chapter on extensive use of HSI techniques in satellite on-orbit and on-board processing to aid readers involved in these specific fields.
The book's content is based on the expertise of invited scholars and is categorized into six parts. Part I provides general theory. Part II presents various Band Selection techniques for Hyperspectral Images. Part III reviews recent developments on Compressive Sensing for Hyperspectral Imaging. Part IV includes Fusion of Hyperspectral Images. Part V covers Hyperspectral Data Unmixing. Part VI offers different views on Hyperspectral Image Classification.
Specific sample topics covered in Advances in Hyperspectral Image Processing Techniques include:
• Two fundamental principles of hyperspectral imaging
• Constrained band selection for hyperspectral imaging and class information-based band selection for hyperspectral image classification
• Restricted entropy and spectrum properties for hyperspectral imaging and endmember finding in compressively sensed band domain
• Hyperspectral and LIDAR data fusion, fusion of band selection methods for hyperspectral imaging, and fusion using multi-dimensional information
• Advances in spectral unmixing of hyperspectral data and fully constrained least squares linear spectral mixture analysis
• Sparse representation-based hyperspectral image classification; collaborative hyperspectral image classification; class-feature weighted hyperspectral image classification; target detection approach to hyperspectral image classification
With many applications beyond traditional remote sensing, ranging from defense and intelligence, to agriculture, to forestry, to environmental monitoring, to food safety and inspection, to medical imaging, “Advances in Hyperspectral Image Processing Techniques” is an essential resource on the topic for industry professionals, researchers, academics, and graduate students working in the field.
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Model Predictive Control
by Baocang Ding
Part of the IEEE Press series
Model Predictive Control
Understand the practical side of controlling industrial processes
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a method for controlling a process according to given parameters, derived in many cases from empirical models. It has been widely applied in industrial units to increase revenue and promoting sustainability. Systematic overviews of this subject, however, are rare, and few draw on direct experience in industrial settings.
Assuming basic knowledge of the relevant mathematical and algebraic modeling techniques, the book's title combines foundational theories of MPC with a thorough sense of its practical applications in an industrial context. The result is a presentation uniquely suited to rapid incorporation in an industrial workplace.
Model Predictive Control readers will also find:
• Two-part organization to balance theory and applications
• Selection of topics directly driven by industrial demand
• An author with decades of experience in both teaching and industrial practice
This book is ideal for industrial control engineers and researchers looking to understand MPC technology, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying predictive control and related subjects.
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Soft Computing Evaluation Logic
The LSP Decision Method and Its Applications
by Jozo Dujmovic
Part of the IEEE Press series
A novel approach to decision engineering, with a verified framework for modeling human reasoning
Soft Computing Evaluation Logic provides an in-depth examination of evaluation decision problems and presents comprehensive guidance toward the use of the Logic Scoring of Preference (LSP) method in modeling complex decision criteria. Fully aligned with current developments in computational intelligence, the discussion covers the design and use of LSP criteria for evaluation and comparison in diverse areas, such as search engines, medical conditions, real estate, space management, habitat mitigation projects in ecology, and land use and residential development suitability maps, with versatile transfer to other similar decision-modeling contexts.
Human decision making is rife with fuzziness, imprecision, uncertainty, and half-truths-yet humans make evaluation decisions every day. In this book, such decision processes are observed, analyzed, and modeled. The result is graded logic, a soft computing mathematical infrastructure that provides both formal logic and semantic generalizations of classical Boolean logic. Graded logic is used for logic aggregation in the context of evaluation models consistent with observable properties of human reasoning. The LSP method, based on graded logic and logic aggregation, is a vital component of an industrial-strength decision engineering framework. Thus, the book:
• Provides detailed theoretical background for graded logic
• Provides a theory of logic aggregators
• Explains the LSP method for designing complex evaluation criteria and their use
• Shows techniques for evaluation, comparison, and selection of complex systems, as well as the cost/suitability analysis, optimization, sensitivity analysis, tradeoff analysis, and missingness-tolerant aggregation
• Includes a survey of available LSP software tools, including ISEE, ANSY and LSP.NT.
With quantitative modeling of human reasoning, novel approaches to modeling decision criteria, and a verified decision engineering framework applicable to a broad array of applications, this book is an invaluable resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners working within the decision engineering realm.
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The ESD Control Program Handbook
by Jeremy M. Smallwood
Part of the IEEE Press series
Provides the understanding and practical skills needed to develop and maintain an effective ESD control program for manufacturing, storage, and handling of ESD sensitive components.
This essential guide to ESD control programs explains the principles and practice of ESD control in an easily accessible way whilst also providing more depth and a wealth of references for those who want to gain a deeper knowledge of the subject. It describes static electricity and ESD principles such as triboelectrification, electrostatic fields, and induced voltages, with the minimum of theory or mathematics. It is designed for the reader to "dip into" as required, rather than need to read cover to cover.
“The ESD Control Program Handbook” begins with definitions and commonly used terminology, followed by the principles of static electricity and ESD control. Chapter 3 discusses ESD susceptible electronic devices, and how ESD susceptibility of a component is measured. This is followed by the "Seven habits of a highly effective ESD program", explaining the essential activities of an effective ESD control program. While most texts mainly address manual handling of ESD susceptible devices, Chapter 5 extends the discussion to ESD control in automated systems, processes and handling, which form a major part of modern electronic manufacture.
Chapter 6 deals with requirements for compliance given by the IEC 61340-5-1 and ANSI/ESD S20.20 ESD control standards.
Chapter 7 gives an overview of the selection, use, care and maintenance of equipment and furniture commonly used to control ESD risks. The chapter explains how these often work together as part of a system and must be specified with that in mind.
ESD protective packaging is available in an extraordinary range of forms from bags, boxes and bubble wrap to tape and reel packaging for automated processes. The principles and practice of this widely misunderstood area of ESD control are introduced in Chapter 8. The thorny question of how to evaluate an ESD control program is addressed in Chapter 9 with a goal of compliance with a standard as well as effective control of ESD risks and possible customer perceptions.
Whilst evaluating an existing ESD control program provides challenges, developing an ESD control program from scratch provides others. Chapter 10 gives an approach to this.
Standard test methods used in compliance with ESD control standards are explained and simple test procedures given in Chapter 11.
ESD Training has long been recognised as essential in maintaining effective ESD control. Chapter 12 discusses ways of covering essential topics and how to demonstrate static electricity in action. The book ends with a look at where ESD control may go in the near future.
“The ESD Control Program Handbook”:
• Gives readers a sound understanding of the subject to analyze the ESD control requirements of manufacturing processes, and develop an effective ESD control program
• Provides practical knowledge, as well as sufficient theory and background to understand the principles of ESD control
• Teaches how to track and identify how ESD risks arise, and how to identify fitting means for minimizing or eliminating them
• Emphasizes working with modern ESD control program standards IEC 61340-5-1 and ESD S20:20
“The ESD Control Program Handbook” is an invaluable reference for anyone tasked with setting up, evaluating, or maintaining an effective ESD control program, training personnel, or making ESD control related measurements. It would form an excellent basis for a University course on the subject as well as a guide and resource for industry professionals.