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Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow
by Alexander Eigeles Emanuel
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Professor Emanuel uses clear presentation to compare and facilitate understanding of two seminal standards, The IEEE Std. 1459 and The DIN 40110-2:2002-11. Through critical analysis of the most important and recent theories and review of basic concepts, a highly accessible guide to the essence of the standards is presented.
Key features:
• Explains the physical mechanism of energy flow under different conditions: single- and three-phase, sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal, balanced and unbalanced systems
• Starts at an elementary level and becomes more complex, with six core chapters and six appendices to clarify the mathematical aspects
• Discusses and recommends power definitions that played a significant historical role in paving the road for the two standards
• Provides a number of original unsolved problems at the end of each chapter
• Introduces a new nonactive power, the Randomness power.
Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow is useful for electrical engineers and consultants involved in energy and power quality. It is also helpful to engineers dealing with energy flow quantification, design and manufacturing of metering instrumentation, consultants working with regulations related to renewable energy courses and the smart grid, and electric utility planning and operation engineers dealing with energy bill structure. The text is also relevant to university researchers, professors, and advanced students in power systems, power quality and energy related courses.
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Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding
EXIT-Chart-Aided Near-Capacity Designs for Wireless Channels
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 22 of the IEEE Press series
Covering the full range of channel codes from the most conventional through to the most advanced, the second edition of Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding is a self-contained reference on channel coding for wireless channels. The book commences with a historical perspective on the topic, which leads to two basic component codes, convolutional and block codes. It then moves on to turbo codes which exploit iterative decoding by using algorithms, such as the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP), Log-MAP and Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA), comparing their performance. It also compares Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM), Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Iterative BICM (BICM-ID) under various channel conditions.
The horizon of the content is then extended to incorporate topics which have found their way into diverse standard systems. These include space-time block and trellis codes, as well as other Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) schemes and near-instantaneously Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM). The book also elaborates on turbo equalisation by providing a detailed portrayal of recent advances in partial response modulation schemes using diverse channel codes.
A radically new aspect for this second edition is the discussion of multi-level coding and sphere-packing schemes, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts, as well as an introduction to the family of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes.
This new edition includes recent advances in near-capacity turbo-transceivers as well as new sections on multi-level coding schemes and of Generalized Low Density Parity Check codes
• Comparatively studies diverse channel coded and turbo detected systems to give all-inclusive information for researchers, engineers and students
• Details EXIT-chart based irregular transceiver designs
• Uses rich performance comparisons as well as diverse near-capacity design examples.
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Near-Capacity Variable-Length Coding
Regular and EXIT-Chart-Aided Irregular Designs
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 24 of the IEEE Press series
Recent developments such as the invention of powerful turbo-decoding and irregular designs, together with the increase in the number of potential applications to multimedia signal compression, have increased the importance of variable length coding (VLC). Providing insights into the very latest research, the authors examine the design of diverse near-capacity VLC codes in the context of wireless telecommunications.
The book commences with an introduction to Information Theory, followed by a discussion of Regular as well as Irregular Variable Length Coding and their applications in joint source and channel coding. Near-capacity designs are created using Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. The latest techniques are discussed, outlining radical concepts such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) aided construction of diverse VLC codes. The book concludes with two chapters on VLC-based space-time transceivers as well as on frequency-hopping assisted schemes, followed by suggestions for future work on the topic.
• Surveys the historic evolution and development of VLCs
• Discusses the very latest research into VLC codes
• Introduces the novel concept of Irregular VLCs and their application in joint-source and channel coding
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MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WiFi and WiMAX
Coherent versus Non-coherent and Cooperative Turbo Transceivers
by Lajos Hanzo
Part 26 of the IEEE Press series
“MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WIFI and WIMAX: Coherent versus Non-Coherent and Cooperative Turbo-Transceivers” provides an up-to-date portrayal of wireless transmission based on OFDM techniques augmented with Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) and Spatial-Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The volume also offers an in-depth treatment of cutting-edge Cooperative Communications.
This monograph collates the latest techniques in a number of specific design areas of turbo-detected MIMO-OFDM wireless systems. As a result, a wide range of topical subjects are examined, including channel coding and multiuser detection (MUD), with a special emphasis on optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) MUDs, reduced-complexity genetic algorithm aided near-ML MUDs and sphere detection. The benefits of spreading codes as well as joint iterative channel and data estimation are only a few of the radical new features of the book.
Also considered are the benefits of turbo and LDPC channel coding, the entire suite of known joint coding and modulation schemes, space-time coding as well as SDM/SDMA MIMOs within the context of various application examples. The book systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems; the depth of discussions increases towards the end of the book.
• Discusses many state-of-the-art topics important to today's wireless communications engineers.
• Includes numerous complete system design examples for the industrial practitioner.
• Offers a detailed portrayal of sphere detection.
• Based on over twenty years of research into OFDM in the context of various applications, subsequently presenting comprehensive bibliographies.
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Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems
by Remus Teodorescu
Part 29 of the IEEE Press series
Grid converters are the key player in renewable energy integration. The high penetration of renewable energy systems is calling for new more stringent grid requirements. As a consequence, the grid converters should be able to exhibit advanced functions like: dynamic control of active and reactive power, operation within a wide range of voltage and frequency, voltage ride-through capability, reactive current injection during faults, grid services support.
This book explains the topologies, modulation and control of grid converters for both photovoltaic and wind power applications. In addition to power electronics, this book focuses on the specific applications in photovoltaic wind power systems where grid condition is an essential factor.
With a review of the most recent grid requirements for photovoltaic and wind power systems, the book discusses these other relevant issues:
• modern grid inverter topologies for photovoltaic and wind turbines
• islanding detection methods for photovoltaic systems
• synchronization techniques based on second order generalized integrators (SOGI)
• advanced synchronization techniques with robust operation under grid unbalance condition grid filter design and active damping techniques
• power control under grid fault conditions, considering both positive and negative sequences
“Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems” is intended as a coursebook for graduated students with a background in electrical engineering and also for professionals in the evolving renewable energy industry.
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Nonlinear Distortion in Wireless Systems
Modeling and Simulation with MATLAB
by Khaled M. Gharaibeh
Part 32 of the IEEE Press series
This book covers the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in wireless communication systems with MATLAB simulations and techniques.
In this book, the author describes the principles of modeling and simulation of nonlinear distortion in single and multichannel wireless communication systems using both deterministic and stochastic signals. Models and simulation methods of nonlinear amplifiers explain in detail how to analyze and evaluate the performance of data communication links under nonlinear amplification. The book addresses the analysis of nonlinear systems with stochastic inputs and establishes the performance metrics of communication systems with regard to nonlinearity. In addition, the author also discusses the problem of how to embed models of distortion in system-level simulators such as MATLAB and MATLAB Simulink and provides practical techniques that professionals can use on their own projects. Finally, the book explores simulation and programming issues and provides a comprehensive reference of simulation tools for nonlinearity in wireless communication systems.
Key Features:
• Covers the theory, models and simulation tools needed for understanding nonlinearity and nonlinear distortion in wireless systems
• Presents simulation and modeling techniques for nonlinear distortion in wireless channels using MATLAB
• Uses random process theory to develop simulation tools for predicting nonlinear system performance with real-world wireless communication signals
• Focuses on simulation examples of real-world communication systems under nonlinearity
• Includes an accompanying website containing MATLAB code
This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers, RF engineers, and communication system engineers working in the field. Graduate students and professors undertaking related courses will also find the book of interest.
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Optical CDMA Networks
Principles, Analysis and Applications
by Hooshang Ghafouri-Shiraz
Part 38 of the IEEE Press series
This book focuses heavily on the principles, analysis and applications of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques in optical communication systems and networks.
In this book, the authors intimately discuss modern optical networks and their applications in current and emerging communication technologies, evaluating the quality, speed and number of supported services. In particular, principles and fundamentals of optical CDMA techniques from beginner to advanced levels are heavily covered. Furthermore, the authors concentrate on methods and techniques of various encoding and decoding schemes and their structures, as well as analysis of optical CDMA systems with various transceiver models including advanced multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations with the architecture of access/aggregation networks in mind. Moreover, authors examine intriguing topics of optical CDMA networking, compatibility with IP networks, and implementation of optical multi-rate multi-service CDMA networks.
Key features:
• Expanded coverage of optical CDMA networks, starts from principles and fundamentals
• Comprehensive mathematical modelling and analysis from signal to system levels
• Addresses the applications of modern optical networking in the current and emerging communication technologies
• Greater focus on advanced optical multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations, spreading codes, and transceiver designs
• Detailed hardware specifications, system-level block diagrams, and network nodes' functionalities
This book appeals to researchers, practicing engineers, and advanced students. It is a practical resource for readers with an interest in optical communications and networks.
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Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives
by Patricio Cortes
Part 40 of the IEEE Press series
Describes the general principles and current research into Model Predictive Control (MPC), the most up-to-date control method for power converters and drives
The book starts with an introduction to the subject before the first chapter on classical control methods for power converters and drives. This covers classical converter control methods and classical electrical drives control methods. The next chapter on Model predictive control first looks at predictive control methods for power converters and drives and presents the basic principles of MPC. It then looks at MPC for power electronics and drives. The third chapter is on predictive control applied to power converters. It discusses: control of a three-phase inverter, control of a neutral point clamped inverter, control of an active front end rectifier, and, control of a matrix converter. In the middle of the book there is Chapter four - Predictive control applied to motor drives. This section analyses predictive torque control of industrial machines and predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Design and implementation issues of model predictive control is the subject of the final chapter. The following topics are described in detail: cost function selection, weighting factors design, delay compensation, effect of model errors, and prediction of future references. While there are hundreds of books teaching control of electrical energy using pulse width modulation, this will be the very first book published in this new topic.
• Unique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way
• Discusses the application of predictive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies
• Matlab is included on a complementary website so the reader can run their own simulations
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Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing
Spectral Analysis and Applications
by Antonio Napolitano
Part 95 of the IEEE Press series
The relative motion between the transmitter and the receiver modifies the nonstationarity properties of the transmitted signal. In particular, the almost-cyclostationarity property exhibited by almost all modulated signals adopted in communications, radar, sonar, and telemetry can be transformed into more general kinds of nonstationarity. A proper statistical characterization of the received signal allows for the design of signal processing algorithms for detection, estimation, and classification that significantly outperform algorithms based on classical descriptions of signals.
“Generalizations of Cyclostationary Signal Processing” addresses these issues and includes the following key features:
• Presents the underlying theoretical framework, accompanied by details of their practical application, for the mathematical models of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes; two classes of signals finding growing importance in areas such as mobile communications, radar and sonar.
• Explains second-and higher-order characterization of nonstationary stochastic processes in time and frequency domains.
• Discusses continuous-and discrete-time estimators of statistical functions of generalized almost-cyclostationary processes and spectrally correlated processes.
• Provides analysis of mean-square consistency and asymptotic Normality of statistical function estimators.
• Offers extensive analysis of Doppler channels owing to the relative motion between transmitter and receiver and/or surrounding scatterers.
• Performs signal analysis using both the classical stochastic-process approach and the functional approach, where statistical functions are built starting from a single function of time.
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Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration
by Qing-Chang Zhong
Part 97 of the IEEE Press series
Integrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest "new frontier" for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids.
This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents conventional power conversion methodologies and then 'non-conventional' methods, with a highly accessible summary of the latest developments in power inverters as well as insight into the grid connection of renewable power.
Consisting of four parts – Power Quality Control, Neutral Line Provision, Power Flow Control, and Synchronisation – this book fully demonstrates the integration of control and power electronics.
Key features include:
• the fundamentals of power processing and hardware design
• innovative control strategies to systematically treat the control of power inverters
• extensive experimental results for most of the control strategies presented
• the pioneering work on "synchronverters" which has gained IET Highly Commended Innovation Award
Engineers working on inverter design and those at power system utilities can learn how advanced control strategies could improve system performance and work in practice. The book is a useful reference for researchers who are interested in the area of control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and distributed generation, smart grids, flexible AC transmission systems, and power systems for more-electric aircraft and all-electric ships. This is also a handy text for graduate students and university professors in the areas of electrical power engineering, advanced control engineering, power electronics, renewable energy and smart grid integration.
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Semiconductor TeraHertz Technology
Devices and Systems at Room Temperature Operation
by Guillermo Carpintero
Part of the IEEE Press series
Key advances in Semiconductor Terahertz (THz) Technology now promises important new applications enabling scientists and engineers to overcome the challenges of accessing the so-called "terahertz gap". This pioneering reference explains the fundamental methods and surveys innovative techniques in the generation, detection and processing of THz waves with solid-state devices, as well as illustrating their potential applications in security and telecommunications, among other fields.
With contributions from leading experts, Semiconductor Terahertz Technology: Devices and Systems at Room Temperature Operation comprehensively and systematically covers semiconductor-based room temperature operating sources such as photomixers, THz antennas, radiation concepts and THz propagation as well as room-temperature operating THz detectors.
The second part of the book focuses on applications such as the latest photonic and electronic THz systems as well as emerging THz technologies including: whispering gallery resonators, liquid crystals, metamaterials and graphene-based devices.
This book will provide support for practicing researchers and professionals and will be an indispensable reference to graduate students in the field of THz technology.
Key features:
• Includes crucial theoretical background sections to photomixers, photoconductive switches and electronic THz generation & detection.
• Provides an extensive overview of semiconductor-based THz sources and applications.
• Discusses vital technologies for affordable THz applications.
• Supports teaching and studying increasingly popular courses on semiconductor THz technology.
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Motion Control Systems
by Asif Sabanovic
Part of the IEEE Press series
Motion Control Systems is concerned with design methods that support the never-ending requirements for faster and more accurate control of mechanical motion. The book presents material that is fundamental, yet at the same time discusses the solution of complex problems in motion control systems. Methods presented in the book are based on the authors' original research results. Mathematical complexities are kept to a required minimum so that practicing engineers as well as students with a limited background in control may use the book. It is unique in presenting know-how accumulated through work on very diverse problems into a comprehensive unified approach suitable for application in high demanding, high-tech products. Major issues covered include motion control ranging from simple trajectory tracking and force control, to topics related to haptics, bilateral control with and without delay in measurement and control channels, as well as control of nonredundant and redundant multibody systems.
• Provides a consistent unified theoretical framework for motion control design
• Offers graduated increase in complexity and reinforcement throughout the book
• Gives detailed explanation of underlying similarities and specifics in motion control
• Unified treatment of single degree-of-freedom and multibody systems
• Explains the fundamentals through implementation examples
• Based on classroom-tested materials and the authors' original research work
• Written by the leading researchers in sliding mode control (SMC) and disturbance observer (DOB)
• Accompanying lecture notes for instructors
• Simulink and MATLAB® codes available for readers to download
Motion Control Systemsis an ideal textbook for a course on motion control or as a reference for post-graduates and researchers in robotics and mechatronics. Researchers and practicing engineers will also find the techniques helpful in designing mechanical motion systems.
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Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Offers an up-to-date discussion of multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems.
“Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems” is a comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art reconfigurable antennas and 4G/5G communication antennas. The book gives a unique perspective while giving a comprehensive overview of the following topics:
• Frequency reconfigurable antennas
• Pattern reconfigurable antennas
• Polarization reconfigurable antennas
• Reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Metal, Piezoelectric, and RF MEMS
• MIMO and 4G/5G wireless communication antennas
• Metamaterials and metasurfaces in reconfigurable antennas
• Multifunctional antennas for user equipments (UEs)
• Defense related antennas and applications
• Flat panel phased array antennas
The book is a valuable resource for the practicing engineer as well as for those within the research field. As wireless communications continuously evolves, more and more functionally will be required, and thus multifunctional antennas and RF systems will be necessary. These multifunctional antennas will require a degree of reconfigurability, and this book discusses various methods which enable this. The main topics of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurability is first discussed. Methods utilizing unique materials and devices, both real and artificial are discussed. The book also delves into 4G/5G antennas as it relates to MIMO, and millimeter-wave phased arrays. Finally, there is a section on defense related multifunctional RF antenna systems.
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Engineering and Technology for Healthcare
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Innovation in healthcare is currently a "hot" topic. Innovation allows us to think differently, to take risks and to develop ideas that are far better than existing solutions. Currently, there is no single book that covers all topics related to microelectronics, sensors, data, system integration and healthcare technology assessment in one reference. This book aims to critically evaluate current state-of-the-art technologies and provide readers with insights into developing new solutions. With contributions from a fully international team of experts across electrical engineering and biomedical fields, the book discusses how advances in sensing technology, computer science, communications systems and proteomics/genomics are influencing healthcare technology today.
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The Nystrom Method in Electromagnetics
by Mei Song Tong
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive, step-by-step reference to the Nyström Method for solving Electromagnetic problems using integral equations.
Computational electromagnetics studies the numerical methods or techniques that solve electromagnetic problems by computer programming. Currently, there are mainly three numerical methods for electromagnetic problems: the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), finite element method (FEM), and integral equation methods (IEMs). In the IEMs, the method of moments (MoM) is the most widely used method, but much attention is being paid to the Nyström method as another IEM, because it possesses some unique merits which the MoM lacks. This book focuses on that method-providing information on everything that students and professionals working in the field need to know.
Written by the top researchers in electromagnetics, this complete reference book is a consolidation of advances made in the use of the Nyström method for solving electromagnetic integral equations. It begins by introducing the fundamentals of the electromagnetic theory and computational electromagnetics, before proceeding to illustrate the advantages unique to the Nyström method through rigorous worked out examples and equations. Key topics include quadrature rules, singularity treatment techniques, applications to conducting and penetrable media, multiphysics electromagnetic problems, time-domain integral equations, inverse scattering problems and incorporation with multilevel fast multiple algorithm.
• Systematically introduces the fundamental principles, equations, and advantages of the Nyström method for solving electromagnetic problems
• Features the unique benefits of using the Nyström method through numerical comparisons with other numerical and analytical methods
• Covers a broad range of application examples that will point the way for future research
“The Nystrom Method in Electromagnetics” is ideal for graduate students, senior undergraduates, and researchers studying engineering electromagnetics, computational methods, and applied mathematics. Practicing engineers and other industry professionals working in engineering electromagnetics and engineering mathematics will also find it to be incredibly helpful.
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Impedance Source Power Electronic Converters
by Yushan Liu
Part of the IEEE Press series
Impedance Source Power Electronic Converters brings together state of the art knowledge and cutting edge techniques in various stages of research related to the ever more popular impedance source converters/inverters.
Significant research efforts are underway to develop commercially viable and technically feasible, efficient and reliable power converters for renewable energy, electric transportation and for various industrial applications. This book provides a detailed understanding of the concepts, designs, controls, and application demonstrations of the impedance source converters/inverters.
Key features:
• Comprehensive analysis of the impedance source converter/inverter topologies, including typical topologies and derived topologies.
• Fully explains the design and control techniques of impedance source converters/inverters, including hardware design and control parameter design for corresponding control methods.
• Presents the latest power conversion solutions that aim to advance the role of power electronics into industries and sustainable energy conversion systems.
• Compares impedance source converter/inverter applications in renewable energy power generation and electric vehicles as well as different industrial applications.
• Provides an overview of existing challenges, solutions and future trends.
• Supported by calculation examples, simulation models and results.
Highly accessible, this is an invaluable resource for researchers, postgraduate/graduate students studying power electronics and its application in industry and renewable energy conversion as well as practising R&D engineers. Readers will be able to apply the presented material for the future design of the next generation of efficient power electronic converters/inverters.
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Synthesized Transmission Lines
Design, Circuit Implementation, and Phased Array Applications
by Tzyh-Ghuang Ma
Part of the IEEE Press series
An original advanced level reference appealing to both the microwave and antenna communities
• An overview of the research activity devoted to the synthesis of transmission lines by means of electrically small planar elements, highlighting the main microwave applications and the potential for circuit miniaturization
• Showcases the research of top experts in the field
• Presents innovative topics on synthesized transmission lines, which represent fundamental elements in microwave and mm-wave integrated circuits, including on-chip integration
• Covers topics that are related to the microwave community (transmission lines), and topics that are related to the antenna community (phased arrays), broadening the readership appeal
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Mathematical Programming for Power Systems Operation
From Theory to Applications in Python
by Alejandro Garcés
Part of the IEEE Press series
Explore the theoretical foundations and real-world power system applications of convex programming.
In “Mathematical Programming for Power System Operation with Applications in Python”, Professor Alejandro Garces delivers a comprehensive overview of power system operations models with a focus on convex optimization models and their implementation in Python. Divided into two parts, the book begins with a theoretical analysis of convex optimization models before moving on to related applications in power systems operations.
The author eschews concepts of topology and functional analysis found in more mathematically oriented books in favor of a more natural approach. Using this perspective, he presents recent applications of convex optimization in power system operations problems.
“Mathematical Programming for Power System Operation with Applications in Python” uses Python and CVXPY as tools to solve power system optimization problems and includes models that can be solved with the presented framework. The book also includes:
• A thorough introduction to power system operation, including economic and environmental dispatch, optimal power flow, and hosting capacity
• Comprehensive explorations of the mathematical background of power system operation, including quadratic forms and norms and the basic theory of optimization
• Practical discussions of convex functions and convex sets, including affine and linear spaces, politopes, balls, and ellipsoids
• In-depth examinations of convex optimization, including global optimums, and first and second order conditions
Perfect for undergraduate students with some knowledge in power systems analysis, generation, or distribution, “Mathematical Programming for Power System Operation with Applications in Python” is also an ideal resource for graduate students and engineers practicing in the area of power system optimization.
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Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning
A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach
by Lidia Ghosh
Part of the IEEE Press series
Proposes computational models of human memory and learning using a brain-computer interfacing (BCI) approach.
Human memory modeling is important from two perspectives. First, the precise fitting of the model to an individual's short-term or working memory may help in predicting memory performance of the subject in future. Second, memory models provide a biological insight to the encoding and recall mechanisms undertaken by the neurons present in active brain lobes, participating in the memorization process. This book models human memory from a cognitive standpoint by utilizing brain activations acquired from the cortex by electroencephalographic (EEG) and functional near-infrared-spectroscopic (f-NIRs) means.
“Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning. A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach” begins with an overview of the early models of memory. The authors then propose a simplistic model of Working Memory (WM) built with fuzzy Hebbian learning. A second perspective of memory models is concerned with Short-Term Memory (STM)-modeling in the context of 2-dimensional object-shape reconstruction from visually examined memorized instances. A third model assesses the subjective motor learning skill in driving from erroneous motor actions. Other models introduce a novel strategy of designing a two-layered deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier network and also deal with cognitive load assessment in motor learning tasks associated with driving. The book ends with concluding remarks based on principles and experimental results acquired in previous chapters.
• Examines the scope of computational models of memory and learning with special emphasis on classification of memory tasks by deep learning-based models
• Proposes two algorithms of type-2 fuzzy reasoning: Interval Type-2 fuzzy reasoning (IT2FR) and General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (GT2FS)
• Considers three classes of cognitive loads in the motor learning tasks for driving learners
“Cognitive Modeling of Human Memory and Learning. A Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing Approach” will appeal to researchers in cognitive neuro-science and human/brain-computer interfaces. It is also beneficial to graduate students of computer science/electrical/electronic engineering.
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Polarimetric Scattering and SAR Information Retrieval
by Ya-Qiu Jin
Part of the IEEE Press series
Taking an innovative look at Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this practical reference fully covers new developments in SAR and its various methodologies and enables readers to interpret SAR imagery.
An essential reference on polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this book uses scattering theory and radiative transfer theory as a basis for its treatment of topics. It is organized to include theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques and presents cutting-edge research on theoretical modelling of terrain surface. The book includes quantitative approaches for remote sensing, such as the analysis of the Mueller matrix solution of random media, mono-static and bistatic SAR image simulation. It also covers new parameters for unsupervised surface classification, DEM inversion, change detection from multi-temporal SAR images, reconstruction of building objects from multi-aspect SAR images, and polarimetric pulse echoes from multi-layering scatter media.
Structured to encourage methodical learning, earlier chapters cover core material, whilst later sections involve more advanced new topics which are important for researchers. The final chapter completes the book as a reference by covering SAR interferometry, a core topic in the remote sensing community.
• Features theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques
• Explains the simulation of SAR images for mono-and bi-static radars, covering both qualitative and quantitative information retrieval
• Chapter topics include: theoretical scattering models; SAR data analysis and processing techniques; and theoretical quantitative simulation reconstruction and inversion techniques
• Structured to enable both academic learning and independent study, laying down the foundations first of all before advancing to more complex topics
• Experienced author team presents mathematical derivations and figures so that they are easy for readers to understand
• Pitched at graduate-level students in electrical engineering, physics, earth and space sciences, as well as researchers
• MATLAB code available for readers to run their own routines
An invaluable reference for research scientists, engineers and scientists working on polarimetric SAR hardware and software, Application developers of SAR and polarimetric SAR, remote sensing specialists working with SAR data—using ESA.
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5G Radio Access Network Architecture
The Dark Side of 5G
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Discover how the NG-RAN architecture is, and isn't, ready for the challenges introduced by 5G
5G Radio Access Network Architecture: The Dark Side of 5G explores foundational and advanced topics in Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture and why a re-thinking of that architecture is necessary to support new 5G requirements. The distinguished engineer and editor Sasha Sirotkin has included numerous works written by industry insiders with state of the art research at their disposal. The book explains the relevant standards and technologies from an academic perspective, but also explains why particular standards decisions were made and how a variety of NG-RAN architecture options could be deployed in real-life networks.
All major standards and technologies associated with the NG-RAN architecture are discussed in this book, including 3GPP, O-RAN, Small Cell Forum, IEEE, and IETF. Readers will learn about how a re-design of the RAN architecture would ensure that 5G networks can deliver their promised throughput and low latency KPIs consistently and sustainably.
The book is structured as follows:
• An overview of the market drivers of the NG-RAN architecture, like spectrum models, 5G-relevant regulatory considerations, and 5G radio interface technical requirements
• An overview of the 5G System, from the core network, to the RAN, to the radio interface protocols and physical layer, with emphasis on how these are different compared to 4G
• Release-15 RAN architectures defined in 3GPP, O-RAN, and Small Cell Forum
• RAN architecture evolution in Release-16 and Release-17
• Enabling technologies, like virtualization, open source technologies, multi-access edge (MEC) computing, and operations, administration, and management (OAM)
• NG-RAN deployment considerations, objectives, and challenges, like costs, spectrum and radio propagation considerations, and coverage
Perfect for network designers and operators who require a solid understanding of the NG-RAN architecture, 5G Radio Access Network Architecture also belongs on the bookshelves of network engineers who aim to increase their understanding of the standards and technologies relevant to the NG-RAN architecture.
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Green Mobile Networks
A Networking Perspective
by Nirwan Ansari
Part of the IEEE Press series
Green communications is a very hot topic. As mobile networks evolve in terms of higher rates/throughput, a consequent impact on operating costs is due to (aggregate) network energy consumption. As such, design on 4G networks and beyond have increasingly started to focus on `energy efficiency' or so-called 'green' networks. Many techniques and solutions have been proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks, yet no book has provided an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption issues in mobile networks nor has detailed theories, tools and solutions for solving the energy efficiency problems.
This book presents the techniques and solutions for enhancing energy efficiency of future mobile networks and consists of three major parts. The first part presents a general description of mobile network evolution in terms of both capacity and energy efficiency. The second part discusses the advanced techniques to green mobile networks. The third part discusses the solutions that enhance mobile network energy efficiency as well as provides future directions. Whilst the reader is expected to have basic knowledge of wireless communications, the authors present a brief introduction of the evolution of mobile networks, providing the knowledge base for understanding the content of the book. In addition, complicated network problems are illustrated using simple examples. This will help the reader understand the concept and intuition of various techniques and solutions.
• Incorporates the latest research results from both academia and industry, providing an up-to-date overview of existing technologies and solutions on making mobile networks greener
• Consists of three sections with a gradually increasing technical depth on green mobile networks, providing the reader with a systematic view of the research area, and helping those with different technical backgrounds to better understand the content
• Covers existing enabling technologies for green mobile networking, including an innovative discussion of state-of-the-art solutions and algorithms
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System Level ESD Co-Design
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
An effective and cost-efficient protection of electronic system against ESD stress pulses specified by IEC 61000-4-2 is paramount for any system design. This pioneering book presents the collective knowledge of system designers and system testing experts and state-of-the-art techniques for achieving efficient system-level ESD protection, with minimum impact on the system performance. All categories of system failures ranging from 'hard' to 'soft' types are considered to review simulation and tool applications that can be used.
The principal focus of System Level ESD Co-Design is defining and establishing the importance of co-design efforts from both IC supplier and system builder perspectives. ESD designers often face challenges in meeting customers' system-level ESD requirements and, therefore, a clear understanding of the techniques presented here will facilitate effective simulation approaches leading to better solutions without compromising system performance.
With contributions from Robert Ashton, Jeffrey Dunnihoo, Micheal Hopkins, Pratik Maheshwari, David Pomerenke, Wolfgang Reinprecht, and Matti Usumaki, readers benefit from hands-on experience and in-depth knowledge in topics ranging from ESD design and the physics of system ESD phenomena to tools and techniques to address soft failures and strategies to design ESD-robust systems that include mobile and automotive applications.
The first dedicated resource to system-level ESD co-design, this is an essential reference for industry ESD designers, system builders, IC suppliers and customers and also Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs).
Key features:
• Clarifies the concept of system level ESD protection.
• Introduces a co-design approach for ESD robust systems.
• Details soft and hard ESD fail mechanisms.
• Detailed protection strategies for both mobile and automotive applications.
• Explains simulation tools and methodology for system level ESD co-design and overviews available test methods and standards.
• Highlights economic benefits of system ESD co-design.
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Signal Processing for 5G
Algorithms and Implementations
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive and invaluable guide to 5G technology, implementation and practice in one single volume. For all things 5G, this book is a must-read.
Signal processing techniques have played the most important role in wireless communications since the second generation of cellular systems. It is anticipated that new techniques employed in 5G wireless networks will not only improve peak service rates significantly, but also enhance capacity, coverage, reliability , low-latency, efficiency, flexibility, compatibility and convergence to meet the increasing demands imposed by applications such as big data, cloud service, machine-to-machine (M2M) and mission-critical communications.
This book is a comprehensive and detailed guide to all signal processing techniques employed in 5G wireless networks. Uniquely organized into four categories, New Modulation and Coding, New Spatial Processing, New Spectrum Opportunities and New System-level Enabling Technologies, it covers everything from network architecture, physical-layer (down-link and up-link), protocols and air interface, to cell acquisition, scheduling and rate adaption, access procedures and relaying to spectrum allocations. All technology aspects and major roadmaps of global 5G standard development and deployments are included in the book.
Key Features:
• Offers step-by-step guidance on bringing 5G technology into practice, by applying algorithms and design methodology to real-time circuit implementation, taking into account rapidly growing applications that have multi-standards and multi-systems.
• Addresses spatial signal processing for 5G, in particular massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive-MIMO), FD-MIMO and 3D-MIMO along with orbital angular momentum multiplexing, 3D beamforming and diversity.
• Provides detailed algorithms and implementations and compares all multicarrier modulation and multiple access schemes that offer superior data transmission performance including FBMC, GFDM, F-OFDM, UFMC, SEFDM, FTN, MUSA, SCMA and NOMA.
• Demonstrates the translation of signal processing theories into practical solutions for new spectrum opportunities in terms of millimeter wave, full-duplex transmission and license assisted access.
• Presents well-designed implementation examples, from individual function block to system level for effective and accurate learning.
• Covers signal processing aspects of emerging system and network architectures, including ultra-dense networks (UDN), software-defined networks (SDN), device-to-device (D2D) communications and cloud radio access network (C-RAN).
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Future Trends in Microelectronics
Frontiers and Innovations
by Serge Luryi
Part of the IEEE Press series
Leaders in the field predict the future of the microelectronics industry.
This seventh volume of “Future Trends in Microelectronics” summarizes and synthesizes the latest high-level scientific discussions to emerge from the Future Trends in Microelectronics international workshop, which has occurred every three years since 1995. It covers the full scope of cutting-edge topics in microelectronics, from new physical principles (quantum computing, correlated electrons), to new materials (piezoelectric nanostructures, terahertz plasmas), to emerging device technologies (embedded magnetic memories, spin lasers, and biocompatible microelectronics).
An ideal book for microelectronics professionals and students alike, this volume of Future Trends in Microelectronics:
• Identifies the direction in which microelectronics is headed, enabling readers to move forward with research in an informed, efficient, and profitable manner
• Includes twenty-nine contributor chapters by international authorities from leading universities, major semiconductor companies, and government laboratories
• Provides a unified, cohesive exploration of various trends in microelectronics, looking to future opportunities, rather than past successes
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Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming
Applications and Technology
by S. Sitharama Iyengar
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book provides the basics needed to develop sensor network software and supplements it with many case studies covering network applications. It also examines how to develop onboard applications on individual sensors, how to interconnect these sensors, and how to form networks of sensors, although the major aim of this book is to provide foundational principles of developing sensor networking software and critically examine sensor network applications.
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Introduction to Wireless Localization
With iPhone SDK Examples
by Eddie C. L. Chan
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the entire landscape of both outdoor and indoor wireless positioning and guides the reader step by step in the implementation of wireless positioning applications on the iPhone. Explanations of fundamental positioning techniques are given throughout the text, along with many programming examples, providing the reader with an independent, practical, and enjoyable learning of the material while gaining a real feel for the subject.
• Provides an accessible introduction to positioning technologies such as Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi positioning
• Presents hands-on skills to iOS 5.0 programming for location-aware applications
• Gives a thorough grounding in signal propagation, line-of-sight and interference effects for accurate positioning
• Covers the location-aware video streaming and conferencing with practical iPhone application examples
• Accompanied by a website containing programming code described in the text and lecture presentation slides for instructors
This book is primarily intended for anyone who wants to study wireless localization. It is an ideal textbook for graduate students who are first learning localization techniques, as well as advanced undergraduates in computer science interested in translating localization concepts into real code. Professionals, engineers and researchers working in location-aware services and related techniques using mobile positioning and AI technologies will find this book to be a helpful reference.
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Essentials of Computational Electromagnetics
by Xin-Qing Sheng
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Essentials of Computational Electromagnetics” provides an in-depth introduction of the three main full-wave numerical methods in computational electromagnetics (CEM); namely, the method of moment (MoM), the finite element method (FEM), and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Numerous monographs can be found addressing one of the above three methods. However, few give a broad general overview of essentials embodied in these methods or were published too early to include recent advances. Furthermore, many existing monographs only present the final numerical results without specifying practical issues, such as how to convert discretized formulations into computer programs, and the numerical characteristics of the computer programs. In this book, the authors elaborate the above three methods in CEM using practical case studies, explaining their own research experiences along with a review of current literature. A full analysis is provided for typical cases, including characteristics of numerical methods, helping beginners to develop a quick and deep understanding of the essentials of CEM.
• Outlines practical issues, such as how to convert discretized formulations into computer programs
• Gives typical computer programs and their numerical characteristics along with line by line explanations of programs
• Uses practical examples from the authors' own work as well as in the current literature
• Includes exercise problems to give readers a better understanding of the material
• Introduces the available commercial software and their limitations
This book is intended for graduate-level students in antennas and propagation, microwaves, microelectronics, and electromagnetics. This text can also be used by researchers in electrical and electronic engineering, and software developers interested in writing their own code or understanding the detailed workings of code.
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Handbook of Digital Forensics of Multimedia Data and Devices
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Digital forensics and multimedia forensics are rapidly growing disciplines whereby electronic information is extracted and interpreted for use in a court of law. These two fields are finding increasing importance in law enforcement and the investigation of cybercrime as the ubiquity of personal computing and the internet becomes ever-more apparent. Digital forensics involves investigating computer systems and digital artefacts in general, while multimedia forensics is a sub-topic of digital forensics focusing on evidence extracted from both normal computer systems and special multimedia devices, such as digital cameras.
This book focuses on the interface between digital forensics and multimedia forensics, bringing two closely related fields of forensic expertise together to identify and understand the current state-of-the-art in digital forensic investigation. Both fields are expertly attended to by contributions from researchers and forensic practitioners specializing in diverse topics such as forensic authentication, forensic triage, forensic photogrammetry, biometric forensics, multimedia device identification, and image forgery detection among many others.
Key features:
• Brings digital and multimedia forensics together with contributions from academia, law enforcement, and the digital forensics industry for extensive coverage of all the major aspects of digital forensics of multimedia data and devices
• Provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of digital forensics of multimedia data and devices
• Offers not only explanations of techniques but also real-world and simulated case studies to illustrate how digital and multimedia forensics techniques work
• Includes a companion website hosting continually updated supplementary materials ranging from extended and updated coverage of standards to best practice guides, test datasets and more case studies
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Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications
by Chuang Huang
Part of the IEEE Press series
“Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications” offers a review of the most current research as well as the basic concepts, key ideas and powerful tools of energy harvesting wireless communications. Energy harvesting is both renewable and cheap and has the potential for many applications in future wireless communication systems to power transceivers by utilizing environmental energy such as solar, thermal, wind, and kinetic energy.
The authors-noted experts in the field-explore the power allocation for point-to-point energy harvesting channels, power allocation for multi-node energy harvesting channels, and cross-layer design for energy harvesting links. In addition, they offer an in-depth examination of energy harvesting network optimization and cover topics such as energy harvesting ad hoc networks, cost aware design for energy harvesting assisted cellular networks, and energy harvesting in next generation cellular networks.
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Selective Visual Attention
Computational Models and Applications
by Liming Zhang
Part of the IEEE Press series
Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks.
This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing.
• Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications
• Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms
• Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work:
• robot navigation and object selection
• image and video quality assessment
• image and video coding
• Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms
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Direct Eigen Control for Induction Machines and Synchronous Motors
by Jean Claude Alacoque
Part of the IEEE Press series
Clear presentation of a new control process applied to induction machine (IM), surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPM-SM) and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM-SM)
“Direct Eigen Control for Induction Machines and Synchronous Motors” provides a clear and consise explanation of a new method in alternating current (AC) motor control. Unlike similar books on the market, it does not present various control algorithms for each type of AC motor but explains one method designed to control all AC motor types: Induction Machine (IM), Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPM-SM) (i.e., Brushless) and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPM-SM). This totally new control method can be used not only for AC motor control but also to control input filter current and voltage of an inverter feeding an AC motor.
• Accessible and clear, describes a new fast type of motor control applied to induction machine (IM), surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SM-PMSM) and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (I-PMSM) with various examples
• Summarizes a method that supersedes the two known direct control solutions—Direct Self Control and Direct Torque Control—to be used for AC motor control and to control input filter current and voltage of an inverter feeding an AC motor
• Presents comprehensive simulations that are easy for the reader to reproduce on a computer. A control program is hosted on a companion website
This book is straight-forward with clear mathematical description. It presents simulations in a way that is easy to understand and to reproduce on a computer, whilst omitting details of practical hardware implementation of control, in order for the main theory to take focus. The book remains concise by leaving out description of sensorless controls for all motor types. The sections on "Control Process", "Real Time Implementation" and "Kalman Filter Observer and Prediction" in the introductory chapters explain how to practically implement, in real time, the discretized control with all three types of AC motors. In order, this book describes induction machine, SMPM-SM, IPM-SM, and, application to LC filter limitations. The appendixes present: PWM vector calculations; transfer matrix calculation; transfer matrix inversion; Eigen state space vector calculation; and, transition and command matrix calculation.
Essential reading for Researchers in the field of drive control; graduate and post-graduate students studying electric machines; electric engineers in the field of railways, electric cars, plane surface control, military applications. The approach is also valuable for Engineers in the field of machine tools, robots and rolling mills.
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Chaos Analysis and Chaotic EMI Suppression of DC-DC Converters
by Bo Zhang
Part of the IEEE Press series
Introduces chaos theory, its analytical methods and the means to apply chaos to the switching power supply design.
DC-DC converters are typical switching systems which have plenty of nonlinear behaviors, such as bifurcation and chaos. The nonlinear behaviors of DC-DC converters have been studied heavily over the past 20 years, yet researchers are still unsure of the practical application of bifurcations and chaos in switching converters. The electromagnetic interference (EMI), which resulted from the high rates of changes of voltage and current, has become a major design criterion in DC-DC converters due to wide applications of various electronic devices in industry and daily life, and the question of how to reduce the annoying, harmful EMI has attracted much research interest. This book focuses on the analysis and application of chaos to reduce harmful EMI of DC-DC converters.
After a review of the fundamentals of chaos behaviors of DC-DC converters, the authors present some recent findings such as Symbolic Entropy, Complexity and Chaos Point Process, to analyze the characters of chaotic DC-DC converters. Using these methods, the statistic characters of chaotic DC-DC converters are extracted and the foundations for the following researches of chaotic EMI suppression are reinforced. The focus then transfers to estimating the power spectral density of chaotic PWM converters behind an introduction of basic principles of spectrum analysis and chaotic PWM technique. Invariant Density, and Prony and Wavelet analysis methods are suggested for estimating the power spectral density of chaotic PWM converters. Finally, some design-oriented applications provide a good example of applying chaos theory in engineering practice and illustrate the effectiveness on suppressing EMI of the proposed chaotic PWM.
• Introduces chaos theory, its analytical methods and the means to apply chaos to the switching power supply design
• Approaches the subject in a systematic manner from analyzing method, chaotic phenomenon and EMI characteristics, analytical methods for chaos, and applying chaos to reduce EMI (electromagnetic interference)
• Highlights advanced research work in the fields of statistic characters of nonlinear behaviors and chaotic PWM technology to suppress EMI of switching converters
• Bridges the gap between numerical theory and real-world applications, enabling power electronics designers to both analyze the effects of chaos and leverage these effects to reduce EMI
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Planar Microwave Sensors
by Ferran Martín
Part of the IEEE Press series
Comprehensive resource detailing the latest advances in microwave and wireless sensors implemented in planar technology
Planar Microwave Sensors is an authoritative resource on the subject, discussing the main relevant sensing strategies, working principles, and applications on the basis of the authors' own experience and background, while also highlighting the most relevant contributions to the topic reported by international research groups. The authors provide an overview of planar microwave sensors grouped by chapters according to their working principle.
In each chapter, the working principle is explained in detail and the specific sensor design strategies are discussed, including validation examples at both simulation and experimental level. The most suited applications in each case are also reported. The necessary theory and analysis for sensor design are further provided, with special emphasis on performance improvement (i.e., sensitivity and resolution optimization, dynamic range, etc.). Lastly, the work covers a number of applications, from material characterization to biosensing, including motion control sensors, microfluidic sensors, industrial sensors, and more.
Sample topics covered in the work include:
• Non-resonant and resonant sensors, reflective-mode and transmission-mode sensors, single-ended and differential sensors, and contact and contactless sensors
• Design guidelines for sensor performance optimization and analytical methods to retrieve the variables of interest from the measured sensor responses
• Radiofrequency identification (RFID) sensor types, prospective applications, and materials/technologies towards "green sensors" implementation
• Comparisons between different technologies for sensing and the advantages and limitations of microwave sensors, particularly planar sensors
Engineers and qualified professionals involved in sensor technologies, along with undergraduate and graduate students in related programs of study, can harness the valuable information inside Planar Microwave Sensors to gain complete foundational knowledge on the subject and stay up to date on the latest research and developments in the field.
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CMOS Voltage References
An Analytical and Practical Perspective
by Chi-Wah Kok
Part of the IEEE Press series
A practical overview of CMOS circuit design, this book covers the technology, analysis, and design techniques of voltage reference circuits. The design requirements covered follow modern CMOS processes, with an emphasis on low power, low voltage, and low temperature coefficient voltage reference design. Dedicating a chapter to each stage of the design process, the authors have organized the content to give readers the tools they need to implement the technologies themselves. Readers will gain an understanding of device characteristics, the practical considerations behind circuit topology, and potential problems with each type of circuit.
Many design examples are used throughout, most of which have been tested with silicon implementation or employed in real-world products. This ensures that the material presented relevant to both students studying the topic as well as readers requiring a practical viewpoint.
• Covers CMOS voltage reference circuit design, from the basics through to advanced topics
• Provides an overview of basic device physics and different building blocks of voltage reference designs
• Features real-world examples based on actual silicon implementation
• Includes analytical exercises, simulation exercises, and silicon layout exercises, giving readers guidance and design layout experience for voltage reference circuits
• Solution manual available to instructors from the book's companion website
This book is highly useful for graduate students in VLSI design, as well as practicing analog engineers and IC design professionals. Advanced undergraduates preparing for further study in VLSI will also find this book a helpful companion text.
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The Death of the Internet
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
Fraud poses a significant threat to the Internet. 1.5% of all online advertisements attempt to spread malware. This lowers the willingness to view or handle advertisements, which will severely affect the structure of the web and its viability. It may also destabilize online commerce. In addition, the Internet is increasingly becoming a weapon for political targets by malicious organizations and governments. This book will examine these and related topics, such as smart phone-based web security. This book describes the basic threats to the Internet (loss of trust, loss of advertising revenue, loss of security) and how they are related. It also discusses the primary countermeasures and how to implement them.
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CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters
Practical Design Guide
by Rocio Del Rio
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive overview of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and a practical guide to their design in nano-scale CMOS for optimal performance.
This book presents a systematic and comprehensive compilation of sigma-delta converter operating principles, the new advances in architectures and circuits, design methodologies and practical considerations − going from system-level specifications to silicon integration, packaging and measurements, with emphasis on nanometer CMOS implementation. The book emphasizes practical design issues—from high-level behavioural modelling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, to circuit-level implementation in “Cadence Design FrameWork II”. As well as being a comprehensive reference to the theory, the book is also unique in that it gives special importance on practical issues, giving a detailed description of the different steps that constitute the whole design flow of sigma-delta ADCs.
The book begins with an introductory survey of sigma-delta modulators, their fundamentals architectures and synthesis methods covered in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the effect of main circuit error mechanisms is analysed, providing the necessary understanding of the main practical issues affecting the performance of sigma-delta modulators. The knowledge derived from the first two chapters is presented in the book as an essential part of the systematic top-down/bottom-up synthesis methodology of sigma-delta modulators described in Chapter 3, where a time-domain behavioural simulator named SIMSIDES is described and applied to the high-level design and verification of sigma-delta ADCs. Chapter 4 moves farther down from system-level to the circuit and physical level, providing a number of design recommendations and practical recipes to complete the design flow of sigma-delta modulators. To conclude the book, Chapter 5 gives an overview of the state-of-the-art sigma-delta ADCs, which are exhaustively analysed in order to extract practical design guidelines and to identify the incoming trends, design challenges as well as practical solutions proposed by cutting-edge designs.
• Offers a complete survey of sigma-delta modulator architectures from fundamentals to state-of-the art topologies, considering both switched-capacitor and continuous-time circuit implementations
• Gives a systematic analysis and practical design guide of sigma-delta modulators, from a top-down/bottom-up perspective, including mathematical models and analytical procedures, behavioural modeling in MATLAB/SIMULINK, macromodeling, and circuit-level implementation in Cadence Design FrameWork II, chip prototyping, and experimental characterization.
• Systematic compilation of cutting-edge sigma-delta modulators
• Complete description of SIMSIDES, a time-domain behavioural simulator implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK
• Plenty of examples, case studies, and simulation test benches, covering the different stages of the design flow of sigma-delta modulators
• A number of electronic resources, including SIMSIDES, the statistical data used in the state-of-the-art survey, as well as many design examples and test benches are hosted on a companion website
Essential reading for Researchers and electronics engineering practitioners interested in the design of high-performance data converters integrated in nanometer CMOS technologies; mixed-signal designers.
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Transient Analysis of Power Systems
Solution Techniques, Tools and Applications
by Various Authors
Part of the IEEE Press series
The simulation of electromagnetic transients is a mature field that plays an important role in the design of modern power systems. Since the first steps in this field to date, a significant effort has been dedicated to the development of new techniques and more powerful software tools. Sophisticated models, complex solution techniques and powerful simulation tools have been developed to perform studies that are of supreme importance in the design of modern power systems. The first developments of transients tools were mostly aimed at calculating over-voltages. Presently, these tools are applied to a myriad of studies (e.g., FACTS and Custom Power applications, protective relay performance, simulation of smart grids) for which detailed models and fast solution methods can be of paramount importance.
This book provides a basic understanding of the main aspects to be considered when performing electromagnetic transients. studies, detailing the main applications of present electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools, and discusses new developments for enhanced simulation capability.
Key features:
• Provides up-to-date information on solution techniques and software capabilities for simulation of electromagnetic transients.
• Covers key aspects that can expand the capabilities of a transient software tool (e.g., interfacing techniques) or speed up transients simulation (e.g. dynamic model averaging).
• Applies EMT-type tools to a wide spectrum of studies that range from fast electromagnetic transients to slow electromechanical transients, including power electronic applications, distributed energy resources and protection systems.
• Illustrates the application of EMT tools to the analysis and simulation of smart grids.
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Frequency-Domain Analysis and Design of Distributed Control Systems
by Yu-Ping Tian
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book presents a unified frequency-domain method for the analysis of distributed control systems. The following important topics are discussed by using the proposed frequency-domain method: (1) Scalable stability criteria of networks of distributed control systems; (2) Effect of heterogeneous delays on the stability of a network of distributed control system; (3) Stability of Internet congestion control algorithms; and (4) Consensus in multi-agent systems. This book is ideal for graduate students in control, networking and robotics, as well as researchers in the fields of control theory and networking who are interested in learning and applying distributed control algorithms or frequency-domain analysis methods.
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Massive Connectivity
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access to High Performance Random Access
by Jinho Choi
Part of the IEEE Press series
Learn to support more devices and sensors in Internet of Things applications through NOMA and machine-type communication.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has held much interest due to its ability to provide a higher spectral efficiency-such as more bits per unit bandwidth in Hertz-than other, orthogonal multiple access schemes. The majority of this research focuses on the application of NOMA to downlink channels (from base station to users) in cellular systems as its use for uplink (users to base station) is somewhat circumscribed. However, NOMA has recently been employed in contention-based uplink access, which has shown an improvement in performance that allows an increase in the number of users that can be supported. As a result, NOMA is promising for machine-type communication (MTC) in 5G systems and beyond, making it a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT).
“Massive Connectivity” provides an in-depth, comprehensive view of the benefits and drawbacks of uplink NOMA random access (RA) systems. This text offers a basic introduction and description of uplink NOMA RA systems before considering the possibilities for evolution of the scheme as attempts are made to derive the most benefits and overcome any weaknesses. The book further presents key performance analysis while also highlighting game-theoretic views. In essence, by describing the essential properties of stable and high-throughput yielding RA systems, the book demonstrates that uplink NOMA can fulfill these required properties.
“Massive Connectivity” readers will also find:
• An extensive literature survey on RA systems and their applications since the 1970s
• Recent advances in random access for massive connectivity
• Retransmission control algorithms for NOMA random access
• Discussion of how uplink NOMA random access systems can be integrated into the existing long-term evolution (LTE) or upcoming 5G cellular networks
“Massive Connectivity” is a useful reference for field engineers and academics, as well as experts for random access systems for IoT applications.
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Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics Using MATLAB
by Lawrence N. Dworsky
Part of the IEEE Press series
Readers are guided step by step through numerous specific problems and challenges, covering all aspects of electrostatics with an emphasis on numerical procedures. The author focuses on practical examples, derives mathematical equations, and addresses common issues with algorithms. Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics contains problem sets, an accompanying web site with simulations, and a complete list of computer codes.
• Computer source code listings on accompanying web site
• Problem sets included with book
• Readers using MATLAB or other simulation packages will gain insight as to the inner workings of these packages, and how to account for their limitations
• Example computer code is provided in MATLAB
• Solutions Manual
• The first book of its kind uniquely devoted to the field of computational electrostatics
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Renewable Integrated Power System Stability and Control
by Hêmin Golpîra
Part of the IEEE Press series
RENEWABLE INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND CONTROL
Discover new challenges and hot topics in the field of penetrated power grids in this brand-new interdisciplinary resource.
“Renewable Integrated Power System Stability and Control” delivers a comprehensive exploration of penetrated grid dynamic analysis and new trends in power system modeling and dynamic equivalencing. The book summarizes long-term academic research outcomes and contributions and exploits the authors' extensive practical experiences in power system dynamics and stability to offer readers an insightful analysis of modern power grid infrastructure.
In addition to the basic principles of penetrated power system modeling, model reduction, and model derivation, the book discusses inertia challenge requirements and control levels, as well as recent advances in visualization of virtual synchronous generators and their associated effects on system performance. The physical constraints and engineering considerations of advanced control schemes are deliberated at length.
“Renewable Integrated Power System Stability and Control” also considers robust and adaptive control strategies using real-time simulations and experimental studies. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of:
• A thorough introduction to power systems, including time horizon studies, structure, power generation options, energy storage systems, and microgrids
• An exploration of renewable integrated power grid modeling, including basic principles, host grid modeling, and grid-connected MG equivalent models
• A study of virtual inertia, including grid stability enhancement, simulations, and experimental results
• A discussion of renewable integrated power grid stability and control, including small signal stability assessment and the frequency point of view
Perfect for engineers and operators in power grids, as well as academics studying the technology, “Renewable Integrated Power System Stability and Control” will also earn a place in the libraries of students in Electrical Engineering programs at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels who wish to improve their understanding of power system operation and control.
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Timed Arrays
Wideband and Time Varying Antenna Arrays
by Randy L. Haupt
Part of the IEEE Press series
Introduces timed arrays and design approaches to meet the new high performance standards.
The author concentrates on any aspect of an antenna array that must be viewed from a time perspective. The first chapters briefly introduce antenna arrays and explain the difference between phased and timed arrays. Since timed arrays are designed for realistic time-varying signals and scenarios, the book also reviews wideband signals, baseband and passband RF signals, polarization and signal bandwidth. Other topics covered include time domain, mutual coupling, wideband elements, and dispersion. The author also presents a number of analog and digital beamforming networks for creating and manipulating beams. The book concludes with an overview of the methods to integrate time delay into the array design and of several other adaptive arrays that prove useful in many different systems.
• Examines RF signal concepts such as polarization and signal bandwidth and their applications to timed antenna arrays
• Covers arrays of point source, elements in timed antenna arrays, active electronically scanned array technology, and time delay in corporate fed arrays
• Includes complete design examples for placing time delay in arrays “Timed Arrays: Wideband and Time Varying Antenna Arrays” is written for practicing engineers and scientists in wireless communication, radar, and remote sensing as well as graduate students and professors interested in advanced antenna topics.
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Digital Image Interpolation in Matlab
by Chi-Wah Kok
Part of the IEEE Press series
This book provides a comprehensive study in digital image interpolation with theoretical, analytical and Matlab® implementation. It includes all historically and practically important interpolation algorithms, accompanied with Matlab® source code on a website, which will assist readers to learn and understand the implementation details of each presented interpolation algorithm. Furthermore, sections in fundamental signal processing theories and image quality models are also included. The authors intend for the book to help readers develop a thorough consideration of the design of image interpolation algorithms and applications for their future research in the field of digital image processing.
• Introduces a wide range of traditional and advanced image interpolation methods concisely and provides thorough treatment of theoretical foundations
• Discusses in detail the assumptions and limitations of presented algorithms
• Investigates a variety of interpolation and implementation methods including transform domain, edge-directed, wavelet and scale-space, and fractal-based methods
• Features simulation results for comparative analysis, summaries and computational and analytical exercises at the end of each chapter
“Digital Image Interpolation in Matlab®” is an excellent guide for researchers and engineers working in digital imaging and digital video technologies. Graduate students studying digital image processing will also benefit from this practical reference text.
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Indoor Positioning
Technologies and Performance
by Nel Samama
Part of the IEEE Press series
Provides technical and scientific descriptions of potential approaches used to achieve indoor positioning, ranging from sensor networks to more advanced radio-based systems.
This book presents a large technical overview of various approaches to achieve indoor positioning. These approaches cover those based on sensors, cameras, satellites, and other radio-based methods. The book also discusses the simplification of certain implementations, describing ways for the reader to design solutions that respect specifications and follow established techniques. Descriptions of the main techniques used for positioning, including angle measurement, distance measurements, Doppler measurements, and inertial measurements are also given.
“Indoor Positioning: Technologies and Performance” starts with overviews of the first age of navigation, the link between time and space, the radio age, the first terrestrial positioning systems, and the era of artificial satellites. It then introduces readers to the subject of indoor positioning, as well as positioning techniques and their associated difficulties. Proximity technologies like bar codes, image recognition, Near Field Communication (NFC), and QR codes are covered-as are room restricted and building range technologies. The book examines wide area indoor positioning as well as world wide indoor technologies like High-Sensitivity and Assisted GNSS, and covers maps and mapping. It closes with the author's vision of the future in which the practice of indoor positioning is perfected across all technologies. This text:
• Explores aspects of indoor positioning from both theoretical and practical points of view
• Describes advantages and drawbacks of various approaches to positioning
• Provides examples of design solutions that respect specifications of tested techniques
• Covers infra-red sensors, lasers, Lidar, RFID, UWB, Bluetooth, Image SLAM, LiFi, WiFi, indoor GNSS, and more
“Indoor Positioning” is an ideal guide for technical engineers, industrial and application developers, and students studying wireless communications and signal processing.
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Grounding and Shielding
Circuits and Interference
by Ralph Morrison
Part of the IEEE Press series
Applies basic field behavior in circuit design and demonstrates how it relates to grounding and shielding requirements and techniques in circuit design.
This book connects the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory to the problems of interference in all types of electronic design. The text covers power distribution in facilities, mixing of analog and digital circuitry, circuit board layout at high clock rates, and meeting radiation and susceptibility standards. The author examines the grounding and shielding requirements and techniques in circuit design and applies basic physics to circuit behavior. The sixth edition of this book has been updated with new material added throughout the chapters where appropriate. The presentation of the book has also been rearranged in order to reflect the current trends in the field.
“Grounding and Shielding: Circuits and Interference”, Sixth Edition:
• Includes new material on vias and field control, capacitors as transmission lines, first energy sources, and high-speed designs using boards with only two layers
• Demonstrates how circuit geometry controls performance from dc to gigahertz
• Examines the use of multi-shielded transformers in clean-power installations
• Provides effective techniques for handling noise problems in analog and digital circuits
• Discusses how to use conductor geometry to improve performance, limit radiation, and reduce susceptibility to all types of hardware and systems
“Grounding and Shielding: Circuits and Interference”, Sixth Edition is an updated guide for circuit design engineers and technicians. It will also serve as a reference for engineers in the semiconductor device industry.
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Power System Monitoring and Control
by Hassan Bevrani
Part of the IEEE Press series
An invaluable resource for addressing the myriad critical technical engineering considerations in modern electric power system design and operation.
“Power System Monitoring and Control (PSMC)” is becoming increasingly significant in the design, planning, and operation of modern electric power systems. In response to the existing challenge of integrating advanced metering, computation, communication, and control into appropriate levels of PSMC, “Power System Monitoring and Control” presents a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and key technologies for the monitoring, protection, and control of contemporary wide-area power systems. A variety of topical issues are addressed, including renewable energy sources, smart grids, wide area stabilizing, coordinated voltage regulation and angle oscillation damping-as well as the advantages of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and global positioning system (GPS) time signal. Analysis and synthesis examples, along with case studies, add depth and clarity to all topics.
• Provides an up-to-date and comprehensive reference for researchers and engineers working on wide-area PSMC
• Links fundamental concepts of PSMC, advanced metering and control theory/techniques, and practical engineering considerations
• Covers PSMC problem understanding, design, practical aspects, and topics such as smart grid and coordinated angle oscillation damping and voltage regulation
• Incorporates the authors' experiences teaching and researching in international locales including Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia
“Power System Monitoring and Control” is ideally suited for a graduate course on this topic. It is also a practical reference for researchers and professional engineers working in power system monitoring, dynamic stability and control.
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Radio over Fiber for Wireless Communications
From Fundamentals to Advanced Topics
by Xavier N. Fernando
Part of the IEEE Press series
A comprehensive evaluation of Fi-Wi, enabling readers to design links using channel estimation and equalization algorithms.
This book provides a detailed study of radio over fiber (ROF) based wireless communication systems, otherwise called fiber wireless (Fi-Wi) systems. This is an emerging hot topic where the abundant bandwidth of optical fiber is directly combined with the flexibility and mobility of wireless networks to provide broadband connectivity. Its application is increasing because of the growing demand for broadband wireless services. In such a system the transmission of the radio signals over a fiber is an important task. This book provides substantial material on the radio over fiber part of the complete fiber-wireless system, including new research results on the compensation methods.
The early chapters provide fundamental knowledge required for a non-expert engineering professional as well as senior/graduate level students to learn this topic from scratch. The latter part of the book covers advanced topics useful for researchers and senior students. Therefore, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the system for readers who will gain enough knowledge to design Fi-Wi links of their own by learning how to develop Fi-Wi channel estimation and equalization algorithms. This concept is completely novel in current literature and has been patented by the author.
Readers are expected to have a basic understanding of fiber optics and wireless communications to easily follow the book and to appreciate the concepts. Basics of the Fi-Wi system and signal processing approaches are clearly explained. It covers a multidisciplinary topic and acts as a bridge between optical and wireless communication domains. In the increasingly demanding telecommunications profession, engineers are expected to have knowledge in both optical and wireless communications and expected design combined/hybrid systems. Hence, the book is written in such a way that both optical and wireless professionals will be able to easily understand and perceive the concepts.
• follows a logical process from basic principles through to advanced topics, providing a wide range of interest for researchers, practicing engineers, students, and those required to build such networks
• explains detailed system design concepts and the limitations and advantages in each configuration, appealing to design engineers, and largely avoiding system specifics
• demonstrates the author's exclusive patent, showing how to develop baseband signal processing algorithms for Fi-Wi systems, which is a key requirement for the successful deployment of Fi-Wi systems
• contains tables, numerical examples and case studies, facilitating a good quantitative understanding of the topic