Wiley in Pure and Applied Optics

A comprehensive treatment of ultrafast optics. This book fills the need for a thorough and detailed account of ultrafast optics. Written by one of the most preeminent researchers in the field, it sheds new light on technology that has already had a revolutionary impact on precision frequency metrology, high-speed electrical testing, biomedical imaging, and in revealing the initial steps in chemical reactions. “Ultrafast Optics” begins with a summary of ultrashort laser pulses and their practical applications in a range of real-world settings. Next, it reviews important background material, including an introduction to Fourier series and Fourier transforms, and goes on to cover: • Principles of mode-locking • Ultrafast pulse measurement methods • Dispersion and dispersion compensation • Ultrafast nonlinear optics: second order • Ultrafast nonlinear optics: third order • Mode-locking: selected advanced topics • Manipulation of ultrashort pulses • Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy • Terahertz time-domain electromagnetics Professor Weiner's expertise and cutting-edge research result in a book that is destined to become a seminal text for engineers, researchers, and graduate students alike.

The first book of its kind to introduce the fundamentals, basic features and models, potential applications and novel phenomena and its important applications in liquid crystal technology. Recognized leader in the field Gaetano Assanto outlines the peculiar characteristics of nematicons and the promise they have for the future growth of this captivating new field.

Presents readers with the basic science, technology, and applications for every type of adaptive lens. An adaptive lens is a lens whose shape has been changed to a different focal length by an external stimulus such as pressure, electric field, magnetic field, or temperature. Introduction to Adaptive Lenses is the first book ever to address all of the fundamental operation principles, device characteristics, and potential applications of various types of adaptive lenses. This comprehensive book covers basic material properties, device structures and performance, image processing and zooming, optical communications, and biomedical imaging. Readers will find homework problems and solutions included at the end of each chapter-and based on the described device structures, they will have the knowledge to fabricate adaptive lenses for practical applications or develop new adaptive devices or concepts for advanced investigation. Introduction to Adaptive Lenses includes chapters on: • Optical lenses • Elastomeric membrane lenses • Electro-wetting lenses • Dielectrophoretic lenses • Mechanical-wetting lenses • Liquid crystal lenses This is an important reference for optical engineers, research scientists, graduate students, and undergraduate seniors.

A Unified Summary of the Models and Optimization Methods Used in Computational Lithography Optical lithography is one of the most challenging areas of current integrated circuit manufacturing technology. The semiconductor industry is relying more on resolution enhancement techniques (RETs), since their implementation does not require significant changes in fabrication infrastructure. Computational Lithography is the first book to address the computational optimization of RETs in optical lithography, providing an in-depth discussion of optimal optical proximity correction (OPC), phase shifting mask (PSM), and off-axis illumination (OAI) RET tools that use model-based mathematical optimization approaches. The book starts with an introduction to optical lithography systems, electric magnetic field principles, and the fundamentals of optimization from a mathematical point of view. It goes on to describe in detail different types of optimization algorithms to implement RETs. Most of the algorithms developed are based on the application of the OPC, PSM, and OAI approaches and their combinations. Algorithms for coherent illumination as well as partially coherent illumination systems are described, and numerous simulations are offered to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms. In addition, mathematical derivations of all optimization frameworks are presented. The accompanying MATLAB® software files for all the RET methods described in the book make it easy for readers to run and investigate the codes in order to understand and apply the optimization algorithms, as well as to design a set of optimal lithography masks. The codes may also be used by readers for their research and development activities in their academic or industrial organizations. An accompanying MATLAB® software guide is also included. An accompanying MATLAB® software guide is included, and readers can download the software to use with the guide at ftp://ftp.wiley.com/public/sci_tech_med/computational_lithography. Tailored for both entry-level and experienced readers, Computational Lithography is meant for faculty, graduate students, and researchers, as well as scientists and engineers in industrial organizations whose research or career field is semiconductor IC fabrication, optical lithography, and RETs. Computational lithography draws from the rich theory of inverse problems, optics, optimization, and computational imaging; as such, the book is also directed to researchers and practitioners in these fields.

Clear, integrated coverage of all aspects of nonlinear optics-phenomena, materials, and devices Coauthored by George Stegeman, one of the most highly respected pioneers of nonlinear optics-with contributions on applications from Robert Stegeman-this book covers nonlinear optics from a combined physics, optics, materials science, and devices perspective. It offers a thoroughly balanced treatment of concepts, nonlinear materials, practical aspects of nonlinear devices, and current application areas. Beginning with the presentation of a simple electron on a spring model-to help readers make the leap from concepts to applications, “Nonlinear Optics” gives comprehensive explanations of second-order phenomena, derivation of nonlinear susceptibilities, third-order nonlinear effects, multi-wave mixing, scattering, and more. Coverage includes: • Nonlinear response of materials at the molecular level • Second-order nonlinear devices, their optimization and limitations • The physical origins of second-and third-order nonlinearities • Typical frequency dispersion of nonlinearities, explained in terms of simple two-and three-level models • Ultrafast and ultrahigh intensity processes • Practice problems demonstrating the design of such nonlinear devices as frequency doublers and optical oscillators Based on more than twenty years of lectures at the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) at the University of Central Florida, “Nonlinear Optics” introduces all topics from the ground up, making the material easily accessible not only for physicists, but also for chemists and materials scientists, as well as professionals in diverse areas of optics, from laser physics to electrical engineering.

A comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics of image science. In today's visually oriented society, images play an important role in conveying messages. From seismic imaging to satellite images to medical images, our modern society would be lost without images to enhance our understanding of our health, our culture, and our world. “Foundations of Image Science” presents a comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics needed to understand and evaluate imaging systems. The book is the first to provide a thorough treatment of the continuous-to-discrete, or CD, model of digital imaging. “Foundations of Image Science” emphasizes the need for meaningful, objective assessment of image quality and presents the necessary tools for this purpose. Approaching the subject within a well-defined theoretical and physical context, this landmark text presents the mathematical underpinnings of image science at a level that is accessible to graduate students and practitioners working with imaging systems, as well as well-motivated undergraduate students. Destined to become a standard text in the field, Foundations of Image Science covers: • Mathematical Foundations: Examines the essential mathematical foundations of image science • Image Formation—Models and Mechanisms: Presents a comprehensive and unified treatment of the mathematical and statistical principles of imaging, with an emphasis on digital imaging systems and the use of SVD methods • Image Quality: Provides a systematic exposition of the methodology for objective or task-based assessment of image quality • Applications: Presents detailed case studies of specific direct and indirect imaging systems and provides examples of how to apply the various mathematical tools covered in the book • Appendices: Covers the prerequisite material necessary for understanding the material in the main text, including matrix algebra, complex variables, and the basics of probability theory

In the newly revised third edition of “Building Electro-Optical Systems: Making It All Work”, renowned Dr. Philip C. D. Hobbs delivers a birds-eye view of all the topics you'll need to understand for successful optical instrument design and construction. The author draws on his own work as an applied physicist and consultant with over a decade of experience in designing and constructing electro-optical systems from beginning to end. The book's topics are chosen to allow readers in a variety of disciplines and fields to quickly and confidently decide whether a given device or technique is appropriate for their needs. Using accessible prose and intuitive organization, “Building Electro-Optical Systems” remains one of the most practical and solution-oriented resources available to graduate students and professionals. The newest edition includes comprehensive revisions that reflect progress in the field of electro-optical instrument design and construction since the second edition was published. It also offers approximately 350 illustrations for visually oriented learners. Readers will also enjoy: • A thorough introduction to basic optical calculations, including wave propagation, detection, coherent detection, and interferometers • Practical discussions of sources and illuminators, including radiometry, continuum sources, incoherent line sources, lasers, laser noise, and diode laser coherence control • Explorations of optical detection, including photodetection in semiconductors and signal-to-noise ratios • Full treatments of lenses, prisms, and mirrors, as well as coatings, filters, and surface finishes, and polarization Perfect for graduate students in physics, electrical engineering, optics, and optical engineering, “Building Electro-Optical Systems” is also an ideal resource for professional designers working in optics, electro-optics, analog electronics, and photonics.

In this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as well. Key features: • Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to PON access (micro view). • Includes all major telecom and datacom applications. • Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems. • Offers practical guidelines for system / link engineering.

Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation. This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the "Classical" photon detectors—simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and "Modern Photon Detectors" in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the "readouts" (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it • Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems • Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs • Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses “Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing”, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices.

Explore the newest techniques and technologies used to mitigate the effects of air flow over airborne laser platforms. “Aero-Optical Effects: Physics, Analysis and Mitigation” delivers a detailed and insightful introduction to aero-optics and fully describes the current understanding of the physical causes of aero-optical effects from turbulent flows at different speeds. In addition to presenting a thorough discussion of instrumentation, data reduction, and data analysis, the authors examine various approaches to aero-optical effect mitigation using both flow control and adaptive optics approaches. The book explores the sources, characteristics, measurement approaches, and mitigation means to reduce aero-optics wavefront error. It also examines the precise measurements of aero-optical effects and the instrumentation of aero-optics. Flow control for aero-optical applications is discussed, as are approaches like passive flow control, active and hybrid flow control, and closed-loop flow control. Readers will benefit from discussions of the applications of aero-optics in relation to fields like directed energy and high-speed communications. Readers will also enjoy a wide variety of useful features and topics, including: • Comprehensive discussions of both aero-effects, which include the effects that air flow has over a beam director mounted on an aircraft, and aero-optics, which include atmospheric effects that degrade the ability of an airborne laser to focus a beam • A treatment of air buffeting and its effects on beam stabilization and jitter • An analysis of mitigating impediments to the use of high-quality laser beams from aircraft as weapons or communications systems • Adaptive optics compensation for aero-optical disturbances Perfect for researchers, engineers, and scientists involved with laser weapon and beam control systems, “Aero-Optical Effects: Physics, Analysis and Mitigation” will also earn a place in the libraries of principal investigators in defense contract work and independent research and development.

This book discusses statistical methods that are useful for treating problems in modern optics, and the application of these methods to solving a variety of such problems. This book covers a variety of statistical problems in optics, including both theory and applications. The text covers the necessary background in statistics, statistical properties of light waves of various types, the theory of partial coherence and its applications, imaging with partially coherent light, atmospheric degradations of images, and noise limitations in the detection of light. New topics have been introduced in the second edition, including: • Analysis of the Vander Pol oscillator model of laser light • Coverage on coherence tomography and coherence multiplexing of fiber sensors • An expansion of the chapter on imaging with partially coherent light, including several new examples • An expanded section on speckle and its properties • New sections on the cross-spectrum and bispectrum techniques for obtaining images free from atmospheric distortions • A new section on imaging through atmospheric turbulence using coherent light • The addition of the effects of "read noise" to the discussions of limitations encountered in detecting very weak optical signals • A number of new problems and many new references have been added “Statistical Optics”, Second Edition is written for researchers and engineering students interested in optics, physicists and chemists, as well as graduate level courses in a University Engineering or Physics Department.

Covers the fundamental principles behind optomechanical design. This book emphasizes a practical, systems-level overview of optomechanical engineering, showing throughout how the requirements on the optical system flow down to those on the optomechanical design. The author begins with an overview of optical engineering, including optical fundamentals as well as the fabrication and alignment of optical components such as lenses and mirrors. The concepts of optomechanical engineering are then applied to the design of optical systems, including the structural design of mechanical and optical components, structural dynamics, thermal design, and kinematic design. “Optomechanical Systems Engineering”: • Reviews the fundamental concepts of optical engineering as they apply to optomechanical design • Illustrates the fabrication and alignment requirements typically found in an optical system • Examines the elements of structural design from a mechanical, optical, and vibrational viewpoint • Develops the thermal management principles of temperature and distortion control • Describes the optomechanical requirements for kinematic and semi-kinematic mounts • Uses examples and case studies to illustrate the concepts and equations presented in the book • Provides supplemental materials on a companion website Focusing on fundamental concepts and first-order estimates of optomechanical system performance, “Optomechanical Systems Engineering” is accessible to engineers, scientists, and managers who want to quickly master the principles of optomechanical engineering.

In the newly revised Third Edition of “Liquid Crystals”, Professor Iam Choon Khoo delivers a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals and applied aspects of optical physics, light scattering, electro-optics, and non-linear optics of liquid crystals. The book's opening chapters include coverage of the foundational physics and optical properties of liquid crystals and lead to more advanced content on the display, photonics and nonlinear optics applications of liquid crystals. New topics, including photonic crystals, metamaterials, ultrafast nonlinear optics, and fabrication methods for massive cholesteric and blue phase liquid crystals are discussed at length. Analytical methods and experimental observations of nonlinear light propagation through liquid crystalline and anisotropic materials and devices are also discussed. “Liquid Crystals” offers an insightful and unique treatment of the nonlinear optics of liquid crystals. New and expanded sections round out this new edition and add to the most up-to-date resource on this topic available today. The book also includes: • A thorough introduction to liquid crystals, including their molecular structures, chemical compositions, order parameter, phase transition, and free energies • Practical discussions of nematic, cholesteric, smectic, and ferroelectric liquid crystals, and explorations of linear and nonlinear light scattering in these phases. • A detailed quantum mechanical treatment of the linear and nonlinear electronic optical response of liquid crystal molecules to optical fields. • A self-contained discussion of the fundamentals of nonlinear optics/photonics and comprehensive review of all liquid crystalline materials-based nonlinear optical processes and applications. The latest edition of “Liquid Crystals” is an indispensable resource for graduate students, professors, research scientists and engineers in industrial or government laboratories. It's also an ideal reference for anyone seeking a one-stop textbook with complete coverage of the optical, electro-optical, and non-linear optical properties and processes of liquid crystals.