Wiley in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications

Mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) is the third most well-regarded semiconductor after silicon and gallium arsenide and is the material of choice for use in infrared sensing and imaging. The reason for this is that MCT can be 'tuned' to the desired IR wavelength by varying the cadmium concentration. “Mercury Cadmium Telluride: Growth, Properties and Applications” provides both an introduction for newcomers, and a comprehensive review of this fascinating material. Part One discusses the history and current status of both bulk and epitaxial growth techniques, Part Two is concerned with the wide range of properties of MCT, and Part Three covers the various device types that have been developed using MCT. Each chapter opens with some historical background and theory before presenting current research. Coverage includes: • Bulk growth and properties of MCT and CdZnTe for MCT epitaxial growth • Liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) growth • Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) • Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) • Alternative substrates • Mechanical, thermal and optical properties of MCT • Defects, diffusion, doping and annealing • Dry device processing • Photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors • Avalanche photodiode detectors • Room-temperature IR detectors

Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers: • Phase diagrams and alloy development • Effect of minor alloying additions • Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements • Mechanical issues affecting reliability • Reliability under impact loading • Thermomechanical fatigue • Chemical issues affecting reliability • Whisker growth • Electromigration • Thermomigration Presenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.

The creation of affordable high speed optical communications using standard semiconductor manufacturing technology is a principal aim of silicon photonics research. This would involve replacing copper connections with optical fibres or waveguides, and electrons with photons. With applications such as telecommunications and information processing, light detection, spectroscopy, holography and robotics, silicon photonics has the potential to revolutionise electronic-only systems. Providing an overview of the physics, technology and device operation of photonic devices using exclusively silicon and related alloys, the book includes: • Basic Properties of Silicon • Quantum Wells, Wires, Dots and Superlattices • Absorption Processes in Semiconductors • Light Emitters in Silicon • Photodetectors, Photodiodes and Phototransistors • Raman Lasers including Raman Scattering • Guided Lightwaves • Planar Waveguide Devices • Fabrication Techniques and Material Systems “Silicon Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices” outlines the basic principles of operation of devices, the structures of the devices, and offers an insight into state-of-the-art and future developments.

Systematically discusses the growth method, material properties, and applications for key semiconductor materials MOVPE is a chemical vapor deposition technique that produces single or polycrystalline thin films. As one of the key epitaxial growth technologies, it produces layers that form the basis of many optoelectronic components including mobile phone components (GaAs), semiconductor lasers and LEDs (III-Vs, nitrides), optical communications (oxides), infrared detectors, photovoltaics (II-IV materials), etc. Featuring contributions by an international group of academics and industrialists, this book looks at the fundamentals of MOVPE and the key areas of equipment/safety, precursor chemicals, and growth monitoring. It covers the most important materials from III-V and II-VI compounds to quantum dots and nanowires, including sulfides and selenides and oxides/ceramics. Sections in every chapter of Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE): Growth, Materials Properties and Applications cover the growth of the particular materials system, the properties of the resultant material, and its applications. The book offers information on arsenides, phosphides, and antimonides, nitrides, lattice-mismatched growth, CdTe, MCT (mercury cadmium telluride), ZnO and related materials, equipment and safety, and more. It also offers a chapter that looks at the future of the technique. • Covers, in order, the growth method, material properties, and applications for each material • Includes chapters on the fundamentals of MOVPE and the key areas of equipment/safety, precursor chemicals, and growth monitoring • Looks at important materials such as III-V and II-VI compounds, quantum dots, and nanowires • Provides topical and wide-ranging coverage from well-known authors in the field • Part of the Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications series Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE): Growth, Materials Properties and Applications is an excellent book for graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, as well as specialist courses at undergraduate/postgraduate level in the area of epitaxial growth (MOVPE/ MOCVD/ MBE).

Advanced textbook on inorganic glasses suitable for both undergraduates and researchers. • Engaging style to facilitate understanding • Suitable for senior undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers entering material science, engineering, physics, chemistry, optics and photonics fields • Discusses new techniques in optics and photonics including updates on diagnostic techniques • Comprehensive and logically structured

Explore an authoritative resource with coverage of foundational concepts of photoconductivity and photoconductive materials. In “Photoconductivity and Photoconductive Materials”, Professor Kasap delivers a definitive guide to the basic principles of photoconductivity and a selection of present topical photoconductive materials. Divided into two parts, the set begins with basic concepts and definitions and coverage of characterization using steady state, transient and modulated photoconductivity techniques, including the novel charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) method The physics of terahertz photoconductivity and fundamentals of organic semiconductors lsois are also covered. Part Two of the set starts with a comprehensive review of a wide range of photoconductive materials and then focuses on some of the most important photoconductors, including hydrogenated amorphous silicon, cadmium mercury telluride, various x-ray photoconductors, diamond films, metal halide perovskites, nanowires and quantum dots. Photoconductive antenna application is also included. Filled with contributions from leading authors in the field, this book also offers: • A thorough introduction to the characterization of semiconductors from photoconductivity techniques, including uniform illumination and photocarrier grating techniques • Comprehensive explorations of organic photoconductors, including photogeneration, transport, and applications in printing • Practical discussions of time-of-flight transient photoconductivity, including experimental techniques and interpretation • In-depth examinations of transient photoconductivity of organic semiconducting films and novel transient photoconductivity techniques Perfect for research physicists, materials scientists, and electrical engineers, “Photoconductivity and Photoconductive Materials” is also an indispensable resource for postgraduate and senior undergraduate students working in the area of optoelectronic materials, as well as researchers working in industry.

Discover the latest advances in spintronic materials, devices, and applications In Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a holistic introduction to spintronic effects within cutting-edge materials and applications. Containing the perfect balance of academic research and practical application, the book discusses the potential-and the key limitations and challenges-of spintronic devices. The latest title in the Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications, Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications explores giant magneto-resistance (GMR) and tunneling magnetic resistance (TMR) materials, spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit torque materials, spin oscillators, and spin materials for use in artificial neural networks. Applications in multi-ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic materials are presented as well. This book also includes: • A thorough introduction to recent research developments in the fields of spintronic materials, devices, and applications • Comprehensive explorations of skymions, magnetic semiconductors, and antiferromagnetic materials • Practical discussions of spin-transfer torque materials and devices for magnetic random-access memory • In-depth examinations of giant magneto-resistance materials and devices for magnetic sensors Perfect for advanced students and researchers in materials science, physics, electronics, and computer science, Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the manufacture of optics, photonics, and nanometrology equipment.

A much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major breakthrough of the discovery of iron-based superconductors. It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also, for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. as biomagnets

Covers both the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art technology used for MBE. Written by expert researchers working on the frontlines of the field, this book covers fundamentals of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technology and science, as well as state-of-the-art MBE technology for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. MBE applications to magnetic semiconductor materials are also included for future magnetic and spintronic device applications. “Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Materials and Applications for Electronics and Optoelectronics” is presented in five parts: Fundamentals of MBE; MBE technology for electronic devices application; MBE for optoelectronic devices; Magnetic semiconductors and spintronics devices; and Challenge of MBE to new materials and new researches. The book offers chapters covering the history of MBE; principles of MBE and fundamental mechanism of MBE growth; migration enhanced epitaxy and its application; quantum dot formation and selective area growth by MBE; MBE of III-nitride semiconductors for electronic devices; MBE for Tunnel-FETs; applications of III-V semiconductor quantum dots in optoelectronic devices; MBE of III-V and III-nitride heterostructures for optoelectronic devices with emission wavelengths from THz to ultraviolet; MBE of III-V semiconductors for mid-infrared photodetectors and solar cells; dilute magnetic semiconductor materials and ferromagnet/semiconductor heterostructures and their application to spintronic devices; applications of bismuth-containing III—V semiconductors in devices; MBE growth and device applications of Ga2O3; Heterovalent semiconductor structures and their device applications; and more. • Includes chapters on the fundamentals of MBE • Covers new challenging researches in MBE and new technologies • Edited by two pioneers in the field of MBE with contributions from well-known MBE authors including three Al Cho MBE Award winners • Part of the Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications series “Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Materials and Applications for Electronics and Optoelectronics” will appeal to graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, and others interested in the area of epitaxial growth.

Provides a semi-quantitative approach to recent developments in the study of optical properties of condensed matter systems. Featuring contributions by noted experts in the field of electronic and optoelectronic materials and photonics, this book looks at the optical properties of materials as well as their physical processes and various classes. Taking a semi-quantitative approach to the subject, it presents a summary of the basic concepts, reviews recent developments in the study of optical properties of materials and offers many examples and applications. “Optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications”, 2nd Edition starts by identifying the processes that should be described in detail and follows with the relevant classes of materials. In addition to featuring four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry, the book covers: optical properties of disordered condensed matter and glasses; concept of excitons; photoluminescence, photoinduced changes, and electroluminescence in noncrystalline semiconductors; and photoinduced bond breaking and volume change in chalcogenide glasses. Also included are chapters on: nonlinear optical properties of photonic glasses; kinetics of the persistent photoconductivity in crystalline III-V semiconductors; and transparent white OLEDs. In addition, readers will learn about excitonic processes in quantum wells; optoelectronic properties and applications of quantum dots; and more. • Covers all of the fundamentals and applications of optical properties of materials • Includes theory, experimental techniques, and current and developing applications • Includes four new chapters on optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, recent advances in electroluminescence, perovskites, and ellipsometry • Appropriate for materials scientists, chemists, physicists and electrical engineers involved in development of electronic materials • Written by internationally respected professionals working in physics and electrical engineering departments and government laboratories “Optical Properties of Materials and Their Applications”, 2nd Edition is an ideal book for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, and teaching and research professionals in the fields of physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, and materials engineering.

Optical waveguides take a prominent role in photonics because they are able to trap and to transport light efficiently between a point of excitation and a point of detection. Moreover, waveguides allow the management of many of the fundamental properties of light and allow highly controlled interaction with other optical systems. For this reason waveguides are ubiquitous in telecommunications, sensing, spectroscopy, light sources, and high power light delivery. Nanostructured and subwavelength waveguides have additional advantages, they are able to confine light at a length scale below the diffraction limit and enhance or suppress light-matter interaction, as well as manage fundamental properties of light such as speed and direction of energy and phase propagation. This book presents semi-analytical theory and practical applications of a large number of subwavelength and nanostructured optical waveguides and fibers operating in various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum including visible, near and mid-IR and THz. A large number of approximate, while highly precise analytical expressions are derived that describe various modal properties of the planar and circular isotropic, anisotropic, and metamaterial waveguides and fibers, as well as surface waves propagating on planar, and circular interfaces. A variety of naturally occurring and artificial materials are also considered such as dielectrics, metals, polar materials, anisotropic all-dielectric and metal-dielectric metamaterials. Contents are organized around four major themes: • Guidance properties of subwavelength waveguides and fibers made of homogeneous, generally anisotropic materials • Guidance properties of nanostructured waveguides and fibers using both exact geometry modelling and effective medium approximation • Development of the effective medium approximations for various 1D and 2D nanostructured materials and extension of these approximations to shorter wavelengths • Practical applications of subwavelength and nanostructured waveguides and fibers Nanostructured Subwavelengths and Waveguides is unique in that it collects in a single place an extensive range of analytical solutions which are derived in various limits for many practically important and popular waveguide and fiber geometries and materials.

The recent rapid progress in wireless telecommunication, including the Internet of Things, 5th generation wireless systems, satellite broadcasting, and intelligent transport systems has increased the need for low-loss dielectric materials and modern fabrication techniques. These materials have excellent electrical, dielectric, and thermal properties and have enormous potential, especially in wireless communication, flexible electronics, and printed electronics. Microwave Materials and Applications discusses the methods commonly employed for measuring microwave dielectric properties, the various attempts reported to solve problems of materials chemistry and crystal structure, doping, substitution, and composite formation, highlighting the processing techniques, morphology influences, and applications of microwave materials whilst summarizing many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of microwave dielectrics and applications Chapters examine: • Oxide ceramics for dielectric resonators and substrates • HTCC, LTCC and ULTCC tapes for substrates • Polymer ceramic composites for printed circuit boards • Elastomer-ceramic composites for flexible electronics • Dielectric inks • EMI shielding materials • Microwave ferrites A comprehensive Appendix presents the fundamental properties for more than 4000 low-loss dielectric ceramics, their composition, crystal structure, and their microwave dielectric properties. Microwave Materials and Applications presents a comprehensive view of all aspects of microwave materials and applications, making it useful for scientists, industrialists, engineers, and students working on current and emerging applications of wireless communications and consumer electronics.

Comprehensive coverage of organic electronics, including fundamental theory, basic properties, characterization methods, device physics, and future trends. Organic semiconductor materials have vast commercial potential for a wide range of applications, from self-emitting OLED displays and solid-state lighting to plastic electronics and organic solar cells. As research in organic optoelectronic devices continues to expand at an unprecedented rate, organic semiconductors are being applied to flexible displays, biosensors, and other cost-effective green devices in ways not possible with conventional inorganic semiconductors. “Organic Semiconductors for Optoelectronics” is an up-to-date review of the both the fundamental theory and latest research and development advances in organic semiconductors. Featuring contributions from an international team of experts, this comprehensive volume covers basic properties of organic semiconductors, characterization techniques, device physics, and future trends in organic device development. Detailed chapters provide key information on the device physics of organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic photosensors, and more. This authoritative resource: • Provides a clear understanding of the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors and their influence to overall device performance • Explains the theories behind relevant mechanisms in organic semiconducting materials and in organic devices • Discusses current and future trends and challenges in the development of organic optoelectronic devices • Reviews electronic properties, device mechanisms, and characterization techniques of organic semiconducting materials • Covers theoretical concepts of optical properties of organic semiconductors including fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally-assisted delayed fluorescent emitters An important new addition to the “Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications, Organic Semiconductors for Optoelectronics” bridges the gap between advanced books and undergraduate textbooks on semiconductor physics and solid-state physics. It is essential reading for academic researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals involved in organic electronics, materials science, thin film devices, and optoelectronics research and development.

LEDs are in the midst of revolutionizing the lighting industry • Up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of light-emitting materials and devices used in solid state lighting and displays • Presents the fundamental principles underlying luminescence • Includes inorganic and organic materials and devices • LEDs offer high efficiency, long life and mercury free lighting solutions.

Oxide Electronics Multiple disciplines converge in this insightful exploration of complex metal oxides and their functions and properties Oxide Electronics delivers a broad and comprehensive exploration of complex metal oxides designed to meet the multidisciplinary needs of electrical and electronic engineers, physicists, and material scientists. The distinguished author eschews complex mathematics whenever possible and focuses on the physical and functional properties of metal oxides in each chapter. Each of the sixteen chapters featured within the book begins with an abstract and an introduction to the topic, clear explanations are presented with graphical illustrations and relevant equations throughout the book. Numerous supporting references are included, and each chapter is self-contained, making them perfect for use both as a reference and as study material. Readers will learn how and why the field of oxide electronics is a key area of research and exploitation in materials science, electrical engineering, and semiconductor physics. The book encompasses every application area where the functional and electronic properties of various genres of oxides are exploited. Readers will also learn from topics like: • Thorough discussions of High-k gate oxide for silicon heterostructure MOSFET devices and semiconductor-dielectric interfaces • An exploration of printable high-mobility transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors • Treatments of graphene oxide electronics, magnetic oxides, ferroelectric oxides, and materials for spin electronics • Examinations of the calcium aluminate binary compound, perovoksites for photovoltaics, and oxide 2Degs • Analyses of various applications for oxide electronics, including data storage, microprocessors, biomedical devices, LCDs, photovoltaic cells, TFTs, and sensors Suitable for researchers in semiconductor technology or working in materials science, electrical engineering, and physics, Oxide Electronics will also earn a place in the libraries of private industry researchers like device engineers working on electronic applications of oxide electronics. Engineers working on photovoltaics, sensors, or consumer electronics will also benefit from this book.

This book presents a comparison of solar cell materials, including both new materials based on organics, nanostructures and novel inorganics and developments in more traditional photovoltaic materials. It surveys the materials and materials trends in the field including third generation solar cells (multiple energy level cells, thermal approaches and the modification of the solar spectrum) with an eye firmly on low costs, energy efficiency and the use of abundant non-toxic materials.

This book provides a highly practical treatment of Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD), a thin film fabrication technology optimized to produce precise nanostructures from a wide range of materials. GLAD provides an elegant method for fabricating arrays of nanoscale helices, chevrons, columns, and other porous thin film architectures using physical vapour deposition processes such as sputtering or evaporation. The book gathers existing procedures, methodologies, and experimental designs into a single, cohesive volume which will be useful both as a ready reference for those in the field and as a definitive guide for those entering it. It covers: • Development and description of GLAD techniques for nanostructuring thin films • Properties and characterization of nanohelices, nanoposts, and other porous films • Design and engineering of optical GLAD films including fabrication and testing, and chiral films • Post-deposition processing and integration to optimize film behaviour and structure • Deposition systems and requirements for GLAD fabrication • A patent survey, extensive relevant literature, and a survey of GLAD's wide range of material properties and diverse applications.

Discover a comprehensive overview of luminescence phosphors for radiation detection. In “Phosphors for Radiation Detection”, accomplished researchers Takayuki Yanagida and Masanori Koshimizu deliver a state-of-the-art exploration of the use of phosphors in radiation detection. The internationally recognized contributors discuss the fundamental physics and detector functions associated with the technology with a focus on real-world applications. The book discusses all forms of luminescence phosphors for radiation detection used in a variety of fields, including medicine, security, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and high energy physics. Readers will discover discussions of dosimeter materials, including thermally stimulated luminescent materials, optically stimulated luminescent materials, and radiophotoluminescence materials. The book also covers transparent ceramics and glasses and a broad range of devices used in this area. “Phosphors for Radiation Detection” also includes: • Thorough introductions to ionizing radiation induced luminescence, organic scintillators, and inorganic oxide scintillators • Comprehensive explorations of luminescent materials, including discussions of materials synthesis and their use in gamma-ray, neutron, and charged particle detection • Practical discussions of semiconductor scintillators, including treatments of organic-inorganic layered perovskite materials for scintillation detectors • In-depth examinations of thermally stimulated luminescent materials, including discussions of the dosimetric properties for photons, charged particles, and neutrons Relevant for research physicists, materials scientists, and electrical engineers, Phosphors for Radiation Detection is an also an indispensable resource for postgraduate and senior undergraduate students working in detection physics.

Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials presents information on the most promising electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, with timely coverage of both conventional and novel materials including 1D, 2D, and 3D materials. This book enables readers to address the growing specification needs in the field through optimizing electromagnetic parameters and promoting interface polarization, two key properties for wireless technology in electronic applications. Edited by three highly qualified academics with significant relevant research experience, Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials includes discussions on: • Materials including ferrites, graphene, carbon‐based composite absorbers, SiC ceramics, MOFs, and meta‐material based absorbers • Recent advances in the field surrounding composite absorbers, conductive polymers, and ceramics, and other materials • Potential improvements in the Internet of Things, 5G mobile applications, and intelligent transport systems through electromagnetic wave absorbing materials Potential improvements in the Internet of Things, 5G mobile applications, and intelligent transport systems through electromagnetic wave absorbing materials • Applications including terrestrial and satellite communication (software radio, GPS, and satellite TV), environmental monitoring via satellite, and EMI shielding, as well as stealth applications Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials is an essential reference on the subject for researchers and advanced students in the chemical, electronics, and communications industries, as well as R&D scientists at companies such as Apple, HUAWEI, and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp (CASC).

Spintronics (short for spin electronics, or spin transport electronics) exploits both the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. Controlling the spin of electrons within a device can produce surprising and substantial changes in its properties. Drawing from many cutting-edge fields, including physics, materials science, and electronics device technology, spintronics has provided the key concepts for many next generation information processing and transmitting technologies. This book discusses all aspects of spintronics from basic science to applications and covers: • magnetic semiconductors • topological insulators • spin current science • spin caloritronics • ultrafast magnetization reversal • magneto-resistance effects and devices • spin transistors • quantum information devices This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Spintronics for researchers and students in academia and industry.

Amorphous semiconductors are subtances in the amorphous solid state that have the properties of a semiconductor and which are either covalent or tetrahedrally bonded amorphous semiconductors or chelcogenide glasses. • Developed from both a theoretical and experimental viewpoint • Deals with, amongst others, preparation techniques, structural, optical and electronic properties, and light induced phenomena • Explores different types of amorphous semiconductors including amorphous silicon, amorphous semiconducting oxides and chalcogenide glasses • Applications include solar cells, thin film transistors, sensors, optical memory devices and flat screen devices including televisions

Authoritative reference making piezoelectric materials technology more accessible by crossing the boundary between fundamental materials physics and applied engineering Piezoelectric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of the subject, an important class of smart materials which are useful as both actuators and sensors, covering materials, properties, and devices, including case studies of example applications. In addition to providing the underlying science on the subject, the text also supports those interested in using piezoelectric actuators and sensors in real world applications. Early chapters help the reader understand the limits and appropriate operating conditions for the piezoelectric and ferroelectric devices described in later chapters. Other topics discussed in Piezoelectric Materials include: • The range of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials and their fundamental properties and applications in sensors, actuators, and as energy harvesting elements. • Designs for various piezoelectric devices, including case studies on piezoelectric actuator applications, e.g., for servovalves, hydrophones, and active vibration control. • Key limits of these materials and fundamental equations to predict displacement, force, resonance, and power requirements. Piezoelectric Materials serves as an invaluable reference on the subject and makes piezoceramic materials technology more accessible to researchers, advanced students, and practicing engineers. The text is also helpful to those in industries using piezoelectrics, in particular manufacturers of optics, photonics, and nanometrology equipment.