Special Publications

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series. Tectonic, Climatic, and Cryospheric Evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula presents the analysis of data collected during the SHALDRIL program, which sampled the most complete Cenozoic stratigraphic section in the Antarctic Peninsula. The stratigraphic intervals sampled fill major gaps in the existing stratigraphic record in the region, which is believed to have been the last place in Antarctica to become fully glaciated and, as such, the last refugium for plants and animals living on the continent. Providing previously unpublished results from studies aimed at improving our understanding of the changes in climate, glacial setting, and fauna and flora that took place over the past 30 million years, the volume highlights include discussions of marine seismic and drill core records documenting the initial growth and expansion of an ice sheet across the northernmost Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf in the northwestern Weddell Sea. The book features: • Detailed vegetation and phytoplankton evolution from greenhouse through icehouse conditions in Antarctica's last refugium • Sand grain texture and micromorphology indicating ice sheet control of weathering style • Exhumational history around the Drake Passage margins from thermochronology and sediment provenance • Comprehensive review of the opening of the ocean passageway between Antarctica and South America and the associated regional tectonics. Tectonic, Climatic, and Cryospheric Evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula will be of interest to geologists, climatologists, and glaciologists interested in climate and cryosphere evolution and those factors that regulate it.

Graduate school can be an exciting, challenging time for students, but it can be scary and intimidating at the same time. Navigating Graduate School and Beyond: A Career Guide for Graduate Students and a Must Read for Every Advisor outlines the steps and skills necessary to succeed in graduate school and in your career. "Insider tips" help students better understand their advisors, leading to more productive advisor/student relationships. The importance of sowing well now with good habits and management techniques in order to reap big later is the central focus of the volume.

A top priority in climate research is obtaining broad-extent and long-term data to support analyses of historical patterns and trends, and for model development and evaluation. Along with directly measured climate data from the present and recent past, it is important to obtain estimates of long past climate variations spanning multiple centuries and millennia. Dendroclimatic Studies at the North American Tree Line presents an overview of the current state of dendroclimatology, its contributions over the past few decades, and its future potential. The material included is not useful not only to those who generate tree-ring records of past climate-dendroclimatologists, but also to users of their results-climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists and archeologists. In summary, this book: • Sheds light on recent and future climate trends by assessing long term past climatic variations from tree rings • Is a timely coverage of a crucial topic in climate science portraying recent warming trends which are of serious concern today • Features well-reputed scientists highlighting new advanced methodologies to reconstruct past climate change • Models the tree growth environmental response.

Oil and Gas Exploration: Methods and Application presents a summary of new results related to oil and gas prospecting that are useful for theoreticians and practical professionals. The study of oil and gas complexes and intrusions occurring in sedimentary basins is crucial for identifying the location of oil and gas fields and for making accurate predictions on oil findings. Volume highlights include: • Advanced geophysical techniques for achieving hydrocarbon exploration efficiency from beneath the Earth • Discussion of theoretical and practical approaches in solving problems related to exploring and mining new oil and gas deposits • New geological concepts for predicting potential hydrocarbon targets • Novel methods of control of the outworking of these deposits using different geophysical methods, significant for optimization of mining hydrocarbon and carbonate deposits • Estimation of the degree of outworking of oil and gas deposits, to facilitate the use of space-time monitoring of different kinds of fields • Analysis of exploration data by an efficient processing system, based on strong methods proven mathematically Oil and Gas Exploration is a valuable resource for exploration geophysicists, petroleum engineers, geoengineers, petrologists, mining engineers, and economic geologists, who will gain insights into exploring new methods involved in finding natural resources from our Earth.

Science is built on trust. The assumption is that scientists will conduct their work with integrity, honesty, and a strict adherence to scientific protocols. Written by geoscientists for geoscientists, “Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences” acquaints readers with the fundamental principles of scientific ethics and shows how they apply to everyday work in the classroom, laboratory, and field. Resources are provided throughout to help discuss and implement principles of scientific integrity and ethics. Volume highlights include: • Examples of international and national codes and policies • Exploration of the role of professional societies in scientific integrity and ethics • References to scientific integrity and ethics in publications and research data • Discussion of science integrity, ethics, and geoethics in education • Extensive coverage of data applications “Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences” is a valuable resource for students, faculty, instructors, and scientists in the geosciences and beyond. It is also useful for geoscientists working in industry, government, and policymaking.

Demystifies the academic career path with practical advice With the number of people being awarded PhDs growing far more rapidly than the supply of academic jobs, those at an early-career stage must think strategically in order to be competitive and successful. Navigating an Academic Career: A Brief Guide for PhD students, Post docs, and New Faculty is a concise and conversational manual that guides readers through starting their academic journey, surviving the demands of their first academic position, and thriving in academia and beyond. Volume highlights include: • Firsthand perspective on the characteristics of a successful academic • Guidance on interviewing, negotiating, branding, and other essential soft skills • Tips for effective time management and writing high-impact research papers • Insights into developing leadership skills and mentoring others The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Learn basic Python programming to create functional and effective visualizations from earth observation satellite data sets Thousands of satellite datasets are freely available online, but scientists need the right tools to efficiently analyze data and share results. Python has easy-to-learn syntax and thousands of libraries to perform common Earth science programming tasks. Earth Observation Using Python: A Practical Programming Guide presents an example-driven collection of basic methods, applications, and visualizations to process satellite data sets for Earth science research. • Gain Python fluency using real data and case studies • Read and write common scientific data formats, like netCDF, HDF, and GRIB2 • Create 3-dimensional maps of dust, fire, vegetation indices and more • Learn to adjust satellite imagery resolution, apply quality control, and handle big files • Develop useful workflows and learn to share code using version control • Acquire skills using online interactive code available for all examples in the book The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Advanced Hydroinformatics Advanced Hydroinformatics Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources The rapid development of machine learning brings new possibilities for hydroinformatics research and practice with its ability to handle big data sets, identify patterns and anomalies in data, and provide more accurate forecasts. Advanced Hydroinformatics: Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources presents both original research and practical examples that demonstrate how machine learning can advance data analytics, accuracy of modeling and forecasting, and knowledge discovery for better water management. Volume Highlights Include: • Overview of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in hydroinformatics • Advances in modeling hydrological systems • Different data analysis methods and models for forecasting water resources • New areas of knowledge discovery and optimization based on using machine learning techniques • Case studies from North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Rare Earth Elements Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification Rare earth elements are used in many modern technologies including electronics, clean energy, defense, aerospace, and automotive. It is important that increasing demand is met in ways that are more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable than in the past. Rare Earth Elements: Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification describes sources of rare earths and methods of production that have the potential to make recovery, processing, and purification more sustainable. Volume highlights include: • Global overview of rare earth production, reserves, and resources • Improvements in the recovery process to reduce costs and environmental impacts • Potential new sources of rare earths that were not previously technically feasible • Options for recovery of rare earths as byproducts of other activities • Contributions from experts in academia, industry, government, research, and nonprofit organizations The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) disaster that occurred in Ukraine on April 26, 1986, was one of the most devastating in human history. Using this as a case study, the AGU monograph Groundwater Vulnerability: Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is devoted to the problem of groundwater vulnerability, where the results of long-term field and modeling investigations of radionuclide transport in soil and groundwater, within the Ukrainian part of the Dnieper River basin (Kyiv region of Ukraine), are discussed. The authors provide a comprehensive review of existing literature on the assessment of groundwater vulnerability and then describe an improved methodology, which is developed based on integration of the methods of hydrogeological zonation and modeling of anomalously fast migration of radioactive contaminants from the land surface toward groundwater. This volume also includes the evaluation of the effect of preferential and episodic flow on transport of radionuclides toward the aquifers and risk assessment of groundwater vulnerability, which can further assist future researchers in developing remediation technologies for improving drinking water quality. Further, this volume sheds light on the consequences of groundwater contamination from nuclear disasters and assists with assessing the risks associated with contamination and developing effective remediation technologies. Volume highlights include discussions of the following: • Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster • Novel analytical results of the 25-year investigations of groundwater contamination caused by Chernobyl-born radionuclides • The wealth of data on different modes of radioactive transport in the atmosphere, water, and soils, and along the food chains • The hydrogeological and physico-chemical processes and factors in groundwater contaminated zones • The applicability of commonly used methods of the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability • A unique method of fluid dynamics that involves an anomalously fast migration of contaminants through zones of preferential flow from the land surface toward groundwater • Building confidence in the assessment of migration pathways of radionuclides in the biosphere • Assessment and prediction of the consequences of the nuclear accident, which can shed light on protection from global nuclear accidents • Analogue information for different nuclear waste disposal and environmental projects around the world

Read an interview with the author: "Working Toward Gender Parity in the Geosciences" The geoscience workforce has a lower proportion of women compared to the general population of the United States and compared to many other STEM fields. This volume explores issues pertaining to gender parity in the geosciences, and sheds light on some of the best practices that increase participation by women and promote parity. Volume highlights include: • Lessons learned from NSF-ADVANCE • Data on gender composition of faculty at top earth science institutions in the US • Implicit bias and gender as a social structure • Strategies for institutional change • Dual career couples • Family friendly policies • Role of mentoring • Career advancement for women • Recruiting diverse faculty • Models of institutional transformation Women in the Geosciences is a valuable contribution to the existing literature on gender issues in STEM disciplines. It focuses specifically on the geosciences, with a goal to spreading awareness on the best practices for gender parity in academic geoscience departments. Geoscientists, policymakers, educators and administrators could all greatly benefit from the contents of this volume.

The US Antarctic meteorite collection exists due to a cooperative program involving the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Smithsonian Institution. Since 1976, meteorites have been collected by a NSF-funded field team, shipped for curation, characterization, distribution, and storage at NASA, and classified and stored for long term at the Smithsonian. It is the largest collection in the world with many significant samples including lunar, martian, many interesting chondrites and achondrites, and even several unusual one-of-a-kind meteorites from as yet unidentified parent bodies. Many Antarctic meteorites have helped to define new meteorite groups. No previous formal publication has covered the entire collection, and an overall summary of its impact and significant samples has been lacking. In addition, available statistics for the collection are out of date and need to be updated for the use of the community. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites (1976-2011): A Pictorial Guide to the Collection is the first comprehensive volume that portrays the most updated key significant meteoritic samples from Antarctica. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites presents a broad overview of the program and collection nearly four decades after its beginnings. The collection has been a consistent and reliable source of astromaterials for a large, diverse, and active scientific community. Volume highlights include: • Overview of the history, field practices, curation approaches • Special focus on specific meteorite types and the impact of the collection on understanding these groups (primitive chondrites, differentiated meteorites, lunar and martian meteorites) • Role of Antarctic meteorites in influencing the determination of space and terrestrial exposure ages for meteorites • Statistical summary of the collection by year, region, meteorite type, as well as a comparison to modern falls and hot desert finds • The central portion of the book features 80 color plates each of which highlights more influential and interesting samples from the collection. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites would be of special interest to a multidisciplinary audience in meteoritics, including advanced graduate students and geoscientists specializing in mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, astronomy, near-earth object science, astrophysics, and astrobiology.

Explores the effects of wildfires on land, water, vegetation, wildlife, and humans Across the world, wildfires are increasing in frequency, extent, and severity, driven by changes in land use and climate. After the immediate hazards of fire and smoke have passed, landscapes and ecosystems can be left altered for decades. Landscapes on Fire: Impacts on Uplands, Rivers, and Communities presents an overview of wildfires and their after-effects on different parts of the natural, biological, and human landscape, bringing together perspectives from different disciplines. Volume highlights include: • Causes, mechanics, and patterns of wildfire • Effects of fire on uplands and river networks • Predicting and mitigating fire-related hazards • Projected trends in wildfire patterns and effects due to climate change • Case studies from across the world The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Applying machine learning to the interpretation of seismic data Seismic data gathered on the surface can be used to generate numerous seismic attributes that enable better understanding of subsurface geological structures and stratigraphic features. With an ever-increasing volume of seismic data available, machine learning augments faster data processing and interpretation of complex subsurface geology. Meta-Attributes and Artificial Networking: A New Tool for Seismic Interpretation explores how artificial neural networks can be used for the automatic interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data. Volume highlights include: • Historic evolution of seismic attributes • Overview of meta-attributes and how to design them • Workflows for the computation of meta-attributes from seismic data • Case studies demonstrating the application of meta-attributes • Sets of exercises with solutions provided • Sample data sets available for hands-on exercises The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Applying tools for data analysis to the rapidly increasing volume of data about the Earth An ever-increasing volume of Earth data is being gathered. These data are "big" not only in size but also in their complexity, different formats, and varied scientific disciplines. As such, big data are disrupting traditional research. New methods and platforms, such as the cloud, are tackling these new challenges. Big Data Analytics in Earth, Atmospheric, and Ocean Sciences explores new tools for the analysis and display of the rapidly increasing volume of data about the Earth. Volume highlights include: • An introduction to the breadth of big earth data analytics • Architectures developed to support big earth data analytics • Different analysis and statistical methods for big earth data • Current applications of analytics to Earth science data • Challenges to fully implementing big data analytics The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more in this Q&A with the editors.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series. Whether you are a science undergraduate or graduate student, post-doc or senior scientist, you need practical career development advice. Put Your Science to Work: The Take-Charge Career Guide for Scientists can help you explore all your options and develop dynamite strategies for landing the job of your dreams. Completely revised and updated from the best-selling To Boldly Go: A Practical Career Guide for Scientists, this second edition offers expert help from networking to negotiating a job offer. This is the book you need to start moving your career in the right direction.