Financial Accounting, Auditing and Taxation

This book is written for those who may be responsible for, or are generally interested in, the activities of organizations but do not have the knowledge to interpret the financial information that is available. As an owner of a business or a manager, you will deal with numbers of various types. This book is written for those who may be responsible for, or are generally interested in, the activities of organizations but do not have the knowledge to interpret the financial information that is available. The book identifies the types of organizations that generate financial information and explains how you can use it for your benefit. The early chapters focus on the information that is publicly available for large companies and demonstrate how to select and analyze the figures for decision making. The later chapters concentrate on the detailed management accounting information that is available internally for managers so that they can make decisions, investigate problems, and set performance targets. The final chapter, explores emerging and very pertinent issues such as "Can the organization obtain the basic resources to stay in business?" and "Are its activities harmful to the environment?"

This book is a tool that students, faculty, and practitioners can use to better understand the relationship between US PCAOB auditing standards and IFAC IAASB auditing standards. With time, the designations of US PCAOB standards were reorganized from the initial publication of this book. Accordingly, we have added to this addition an Appendix, Appendix 1. It shows the correlation of the old designation of PCAOB auditing standards, before reorganization, and the new designations for these standards. We also have added a second appendix, Appendix 2. The latter presents the PCAOB standards, the related AICPA standards, and the IFAC IAASB standards. We suggest bookmarking the Appendices and referring back to them as you use the text.

The author contextualized the phenomenon of accounting fraud using a framework he developed called "Corporate Governance Cosmos." The book contains an extensive literature review including an evaluation of the seminal theory in this area, namely, the Fraud Triangle. There is a comprehensive exploration of the motivations for accounting fraud and a growing realization that Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, and machiavellianism) tendencies may explain why executives engage in accounting fraud. The author expands an established framework entitled Cooks Recipes Incentives Monitoring End results (C R I M E) by Rezaee (2005), to ''C R I M E L'', where L is the "Learning" from 33 international case studies of accounting fraud. Accountants, auditors, antifraud practitioners, and graduate students will find the case studies of accounting fraud particularly useful as it makes the phenomenon tangible and more understandable. The penultimate chapter is a study of the likely impact of financial technology on accounting fraud. The author concludes by marshalling various insights including a brief discussion of ethics, forwarding his International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IFAC) ''Ethical Triangle'', his vision for the future accountant, which he refers to as ''accounting engineers'', and an ancient prescription for the curse of accounting fraud.

This book provides a step-by-step approach for organizations to reap benefits from a more sustainable approach. As organizations tackle global challenges, the faces of our businesses and our economic system are changing to consider the interests of all stakeholders rather than just shareholders. This book provides a step-by-step approach for organizations to reap benefits from a more sustainable approach. It begins with a brief history of the concept of sustainability as it applies to both performance and reporting. Implementing sustainability in an organization begins with the development of policies which are consistent with the expectations of its stakeholders. An organization's active participation in multi-stakeholder initiatives helps to align the policies with societal trends. Once the policies are developed, a management system is crucial to ensure congruence of policies with actual performance. Then, periodic reporting of performance based on well-recognized standards aids stakeholders in assessing an organization's performance—reporting also helps stakeholders to determine if performance aligns with their expectations. Both internal and external assurances build stakeholder trust in the organization's performance and reporting. Finally, the book concludes with a reflection on key messages and potential future actions for continuous improvement.

This book explains and illustrates each of the requirements for a nontaxable corporate division and the methods for mitigating the tax consequences when those requirements cannot be satisfied. For a variety of reasons, corporations can achieve business efficiencies by dividing into two or more entities. The tax consequences of the division could be that both the corporation and the shareholders must recognize taxable income, which often renders the division unfeasible. In order to neutralize the tax effects of business-motivated decisions to divide the corporation, the tax law provides the means for the division to be accomplished without immediate tax consequences for the corporation and its shareholders. The enabling provisions are necessarily complex so as to prevent their exploitation and bring together several other corporate tax concepts dealing with dividends and reorganizations. Moreover, the rules have often changed. This book explains and illustrates each of the requirements for a nontaxable corporate division and the methods for mitigating the tax consequences when those requirements cannot be satisfied. The author also provides numerous diagrams that summarize actual transactions.