Bollingen

A study of the analogies between alchemy, Christian dogma, and psychological symbolism. Revised translation, with new bibliography and index. "Readers . . . who believe that medieval and early modern alchemy was only a misguided effort to transform base metals into gold, or at best a crude preparation for scientific chemistry, will experience a great and probably bewildering surprise."

Erich Neumann was born in Berlin in 1905. A student of C. G. Jung, he practiced analytical psychology in Tel Aviv from 1934 until his death in 1960. Among his other works in Princeton's Bollingen Series are Amor and Psyche: The Psychic Development of the Feminine, The Origins and History of Consciousness, The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype, and The Archetypal World of Henry Moore. These essays by the famous analytical psychologist and student of creativity Erich Neumann belong in the context of the depth psychology of culture and reveal a prescient concern about the one-sidedness of patriarchal Western civilization. Neumann recommended a "cultural therapy" that he thought would redress a "fundamental ignorance" about feminine and masculine psychology, and he looked for societal healing to a "matriarchal consciousness" that forms the bridge between the feminine and the creative. Brought together here for the first time, the essays in the book discuss the psychological stages of woman's development, the moon and matriarchal consciousness, Mozart's Magic Flute, the meaning of the earth archetype for modern times, and the fear of the feminine. In Mozart's fantastic world, Neumann saw a true Auseinandersetzung--the conflict and coming-to-terms with each other of the matriarchal and the patriarchal worlds. Developing such a synthesis of the feminine and the masculine in the psychic reality of the individual and of the collective was, he argued, one of the fundamental, future-oriented tasks of both the society and the individual.

Four essays on the psychological aspects of art. A study of Leonardo treats the work of art, and art itself, not as ends in themselves, but rather as instruments of the artist's inner situation. Two other essays discuss the relation of art to its epoch and specifically the relation of modern art to our own time. An essay on Chagall views this artist in the context of the problems explored in the other studies.

Beginning with Jung's earliest correspondence to associates of the psychoanalytic period and ending shortly before his death, the 935 letters selected for these two volumes offer a running commentary on his creativity. The recipients of the letters include Mircea Eliade, Sigmund Freud, Esther Harding, James Joyce, Karl Kernyi, Erich Neumann, Maud Oakes, Herbert Read, Upton Sinclair, and Father Victor White. "Extraordinarily valuable.... Whether writing a disquisition on an obscure point of theology to Father Victor White or advice to an anonymous correspondent who wondered whether she should commit suicide...Jung commits himself entirely to the question and to the moment.... [The] Letters are indispensable and a beautiful production."---James Olney, The New Republic "What [Jung] offers from the furnace of his mind is near enough to that Philosopher's Stone sought by his old friends the alchemists to hold us enchanted through unnumbered re-readings."---Robertson Davies, The New York Times Book Review

Jacques Barzun (1907–2012) was professor of history at Columbia University and the author of many books, including the bestselling From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present; Simple and Direct; The Energies of Art; and The House of Intellect. From the celebrated cultural historian and bestselling author, a provocative history of the evolution of our ideas about art since the early nineteenth century In this witty, provocative, and learned book, acclaimed cultural historian and writer Jacques Barzun traces our changing attitudes to the arts over the past 150 years, suggesting that we are living in a period of cultural liquidation, nothing less than the ending of the modern age that began with the Renaissance. He challenges our conceptions and misconceptions about art "in order to reach a conclusion about its value and its drawbacks for life at the present time." "When an extremely intellectual, extremely experienced, extremely wise man shares his thoughts with others, the result seizes the imagination at once. Such is the effect of these essays. . . . Barzun examines art as religion, as destroyer, as redeemer, and in relation to what he calls 'its tempter, science,' but never forgets the basic essential. As he says, 'the last word on art should indeed be: mystery. But that need not stop any of us from dealing with it as if we understood more than we can.' And how good it is to have one's mind stretched to that understanding of 'more.'"

A study of the primitive and unconscious aspects of man's nature and the processes by which their energies may contribute to the integration of personality. New edition, comprehensively revised and enlarged, with many new illustrations. "Dr. Harding's book is one of the best expositions of Jung's psychology. She has succeeded well in making Jung less baffling and in destroying the frequently heard claim that he is inscrutable. The book is carefully and beautifully edited, as are all publications of the Bollingen Foundation." "[This is] a sweeping psychological study, based on Jung, and a fascinating presentation that runs through mythologies, Yoga, alchemy and on down to modern religious practice."

This lively, intimate, sometimes disrespectful, but always knowledgeable history of the Bollingen Foundation confirms its pervasive influence on American intellectual life. Conceived by Paul and Mary Mellon as a means of publishing in English the collected works of C. G. Jung, the Foundation broadened to encompass scholarship and publication in a remarkable number of fields. Here are wonderful portraits of the central figures, including the Mellons, Jung himself, Heinrich Zimmer, Joseph Campbell, D. T. Suzuki, Natacha Rambova, Vladimir Nabokov, Gershom Scholem, Herbert Read, and Kurt and Helen Wolff. "Because we know so little about the role of foundations in American intellectual life, we welcome . . . William McGuire's delightful chronicle of the Bollingen Foundation. Mr. McGuire . . . writes as a participant, not as an outside historian. But he makes the most of his particular perspective. . . And he tempers his sympathetic attachment with a winning sense of irony, even irreverence."---Thomas Bender, The New York Times Book Review

An approach to music as an instrument of philosophical inquiry, seeking not so much a philosophy of music as a philosophy through music.

A groundbreaking reevaluation of paleolithic art through the lens of modernism, from the acclaimed historian of art and architecture In The Beginnings of Art, Sigfried Giedion, best known as a historian of architecture, shifts his attention to art and its very origins. Breaking with an earlier, materialistic approach, he explores paleolithic art by bringing abstraction, transparency, and simultaneity into play as modern art has revealed them anew. Focusing on the dual concepts of constancy and change, he examines paleolithic paintings, engravings, and sculpture, as well as modern art and recent examples of "primitive art." He argues that the two keys to the meaning of prehistoric art are the symbol, portraying reality before reality exists, and the animal as humankind's superior in the unified primordial world in which both human and animal were embedded. The result is a highly original and important study of prehistoric art. Sigfried Giedion (1888–1968) was an eminent critic and historian of architecture and art who had a major influence on architectural modernism. His books include Space, Time, and Architecture and Mechanization Takes Command. He taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and ETH Zurich.

From a leading art historian of Renaissance Italy, a compelling account of the artistic and cultural impact of the sack of sixteenth-century Rome In this illustrated account of the sack of Rome as a cultural and artistic phenomenon, André Chastel reveals the historical ambiguities of preceding events and the traumatic contrast between the flourishing world of art under Pope Clement VII and the city after it was looted by the troops of Emperor Charles V in 1527. Chastel illuminates the cultural repercussions of the humiliation of Rome, emphasizing the spread or "Europeanization" of the Mannerist style by artists who fled the city-including Parmigianino, Rosso, Polidoro, Peruzzi, and Perino del Vaga. At the same time, Clement's critics used the new media of printing and engraving to win over the people with caricatures and satirical writings, while Rome responded with monumental works affirming the legitimacy of the pope's temporal power. Chastel explores both the world that was lost by the sack and the great works of art created during Rome's recovery. André Chastel (1912–1990) was professor of the art and civilization of Renaissance Italy at the Collège de France.

The classic work on the sublime interplay between the arts and poetics This book explores the rich and complex relationship between art and poetry, shedding invaluable light on what makes each art form unique yet wholly interdependent. Jacques Maritain insists on the part played by the intellect as well as the imagination, showing how poetry has its source in the preconceptual activity of the rational mind. As Maritain argues, intellect is not merely logical and conceptual reason. Rather, it carries on an exceedingly more profound and obscure life, one that is revealed to us as we seek to penetrate the hidden recesses of poetic and artistic activity. Incisive and authoritative, this illuminating book is the product of a lifelong reflection on the meaning of artistic expression in all its varied forms. Jacques Maritain (1882–1973) was a leading French philosopher and the author of many books, including Art and Scholasticism, The Degrees of Knowledge, and Existence and the Existent. "Wisdom never makes the headlines, and I fear it will take a long time before the full stature of this book is recognized. The reader must take it slowly, learning to follow the lead of the author's patient, deep, and gentle spirit, which speaks on every page; then he will be rewarded with the most sane and subtle insights into the life of poetry which our time affords."-Francis Fergusson "[Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry] contains a wealth of concrete perception on the most varied aesthetic problems. It is impossible to do more than mention M. Maritain's beautifully balanced chapter on abstract art, his discussion of the difference between classical and modern poetic imagery, and the gentle irony with which he chides the over-zealousness of modern critics who use Dante to denigrate modern poetry. . . . It is a rare pleasure to read a work characterized by this habit of mind and this sensibility . . . the best attempt yet made to write a poetics of modern art."---Joseph Frank, New Republic

This book provides a very accessible general introduction to the Jungian concept of ego development and Jung's theory of personality structure--the collective unconscious, anima, animus, shadow, archetypes. "The book is written from a rich store of knowledge and experience, and can claim a distinctive place among its several predecessors. The author's main objective in marshalling her material is a plea for the development of the consciousness, not only for the purpose of achieving a fuller life but also as an ethical task." "A study [that] expound[s] Jung's ideas in the simplest possible way.... The book is written from a rich store of knowledge and experience, and can claim a distinctive place among its several predecessors. The author's main objective in marshalling her material is a plea for the development of consciousness, not only for achieving a fuller life but also as an ethical task.... [This] is a stimulating book."

How social upheavals after the collapse of the French Empire shaped the lives and work of artists in early nineteenth-century Europe As the French Empire collapsed between 1812 and 1815, artists throughout Europe were left uncertain and adrift. The final abdication of Emperor Napoleon, clearing the way for a restored monarchy, profoundly unsettled prevailing national, religious, and social boundaries. In Restoration, Thomas Crow combines a sweeping view of European art centers-Rome, Paris, London, Madrid, Brussels, and Vienna-with a close-up look at pivotal artists, including Antonio Canova, Jacques-Louis David, Théodore Géricault, Francisco Goya, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Thomas Lawrence, and forgotten but meteoric painters François-Joseph Navez and Antoine Jean-Baptiste Thomas. Whether directly or indirectly, all were joined in a newly international network, from which changing artistic priorities and possibilities emerged out of the ruins of the old. Crow examines how artists of this period faced dramatic circumstances, from political condemnation and difficult diplomatic missions to a catastrophic episode of climate change. Navigating ever-changing pressures, they invented creative ways of incorporating critical events and significant historical actors into fresh artistic works. Crow discusses, among many topics, David's art and influence during exile, Géricault's odyssey through outcast Rome, Ingres's drive to reconcile religious art with contemporary mentalities, the titled victors over Napoleon all sitting for portraits by Lawrence, and the campaign to restore art objects expropriated by the French from Italy, prefiguring the restitution controversies of our own time. Restoration explores how cataclysmic social and political transformations in nineteenth-century Europe reshaped artists' lives and careers with far-reaching consequences. Published in association with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. Thomas Crow is the Rosalie Solow Professor of Modern Art at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. His many books include Emulation: David, Drouais, and Girodet in the Art of Revolutionary France; The Long March of Pop: Art, Music, and Design 1930–1995; No Idols: The Missing Theology of Art; and The Artist in the Counterculture: Bruce Conner to Mike Kelley and Other Tales from the Edge (Princeton). "A major scholarly achievement and an exhilarating read, Restoration provides an absorbing narrative about European art during and after the fall of the Napoleonic Empire. With a wealth of fresh interpretations, this extraordinarily wide-ranging, authoritative, and concise book gives us a new understanding of art under the Restoration as uniquely unstable, provisional, and mobile."-Bridget Alsdorf, Princeton University "This thrilling book offers an entirely fresh and compelling set of perspectives on some of the most important artists of the early nineteenth century. Fusing tightly structured analysis with rich and colorful descriptions, anecdotes, and observations and offering stunning interpretations of individual works, Restoration takes us on a stimulating art historical journey."-Mark Hallett, Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art "Winner of the Silver Medal, Laura Shannon Prize in Contemporary European Studies, Nanovic Institute, University of Notre Dame" "[A] profoundly revealing and stimulating book."---Michael Prodger, Literary Review "The depth and breadth of [Crow's] learning is stupendous."---Tim Blanning, Art Newspaper "Restoration is a welcome addition to the literature on art after the collapse of the French Empire."---A. L. Palmer, Choice Reviews

An eminent literary biographer and critic shows how poetry enriched the art of two representative English Romantic painters In Visionary and Dreamer, David Cecil evokes the century of the poet-painter, when painting drew much of its inspiration from imaginative literature. Samuel Palmer (1805–1881), an unworldly visionary, obscure in his lifetime but now a recognized master, and Edward Burne-Jones (1833–1898), the Pre-Raphaelite daydreamer, once revered as a great painter but later admired chiefly for his work in applied art, emerge as artists who turned to their own inner lives to interpret Shakespeare, Milton, and Keats. David Cecil (1902–1986) was a literary historian and biographer and professor of English literature at the University of Oxford. He was the author of many books, including A Portrait of Jane Austen. "[Cecil] does more for both painters than simply recount their lives. He presents both the visionary and dreamer in the bright and captivating light of his own sympathy."

The classic work by internationally acclaimed Cézanne scholar John Rewald In Cézanne and America, John Rewald presents a full account of how Paul Cézanne's reputation and influence became established in America between 1891 and 1921, and of how some of the world's largest collections of his works were formed in the United States. This is the fascinating story of enthusiastic young American artists who took up Cézanne's cause after they discovered him in Paris. It is also the story of the discerning early American collectors of his work-Leo and Gertrude Stein, the Havemeyers, and John Quinn, among others-many of whom made their first purchases from Cézanne's wily dealer Ambroise Vollard in Paris, or from the dealer Alfred Stieglitz in New York, and of the beginning of the famous collection of Dr. Albert C. Barnes. Each chapter is illustrated not only with Cézanne's works but also with portraits of collectors and critics and with previously unpublished pages from diaries, dealers' ledgers, and Cézanne's own correspondence. John Rewald (1912–1994) was Distinguished Professor of Art History at the City University of New York. His books include The History of Impressionism and Cézanne: A Biography.

A magisterial exploration of poetry's place in the fine arts by one of the twentieth century's leading poets In this book, eminent poet Anthony Hecht explores the art of poetry and its relationship to the other fine arts. While the problems he treats entail both philosophic and theoretical discussion, he never allows abstract speculation to overshadow his delight in the written texts that he introduces, or in the specific examples of painting and music to which he refers. After discussing literature's links with painting and music, Hecht investigates the theme of paradise and wilderness, especially in Shakespeare's The Tempest. He then turns to the question of public and private art, exploring the ways in which all the arts participate in balances between private and public modes of discourse, and between an exclusive or elitist role and the openly political. Beginning with a discussion of architecture as an illustration of a more general theme of discord and balance, the penultimate lecture probes the inner contradictions of works of art and our reactions to them, while the final piece concerns art and morality. Anthony Hecht (1923–2004) was the John H. Deane Professor of Poetry and Rhetoric at the University of Rochester, and taught at Georgetown, Harvard, and Yale Universities. His books of poems include A Summoning of Stones, Millions of Strange Shadows, The Venetian Vespers, and the Pulitzer Prize–winning The Hard Hours. "Anthony Hecht is very much our poet-critic now, even as John Crowe Ransom and W. H. Auden were in previous generations. His On the Laws of the Poetic Art is civilized and superb criticism of the higher relations between poetry and the other arts, and is particularly valuable in this dark time, when barbarism and politics threaten all the arts."-Harold Bloom, Yale University "Civilized, charming, wise-Anthony Hecht's is an overview we hardly deserve and can only be grateful for."-James Merrill "Anthony Hecht's book speaks with that irresistible authority that comes only from a true artist who has spent a lifetime reflecting on his medium. And yet this profound and engaging volume is not only about poetry. It is a magisterial exploration of the nature of art itself."-Dana Gioia "Winner of the 1997 Tanning Prize for Lifetime Achievement, Academy of American Poets" "This book is full of fruitful and fascinating suggestions about our commerce with the variety of art, and the many worlds it inhabits."---John Bayley, The Times

An incomparable look at how Chinese artists have used mass production to assemble exquisite objects from standardized parts Chinese workers in the third century BCE created seven thousand life-sized terracotta soldiers to guard the tomb of the First Emperor. In the eleventh century CE, Chinese builders constructed a pagoda from as many as thirty thousand separately carved wooden pieces. As these examples show, throughout history, Chinese artisans have produced works of art in astonishing quantities, and have done so without sacrificing quality, affordability, or speed of manufacture. In this book, Lothar Ledderose takes us on a remarkable tour of Chinese art and culture to explain how artists used complex systems of mass production to assemble extraordinary objects from standardized parts or modules. He reveals how these systems have deep roots in Chinese thought and reflect characteristically Chinese modes of social organization. Combining invaluable aesthetic and cultural insights with a rich variety of illustrations, Ten Thousand Things make a profound statement about Chinese art and society. Lothar Ledderose is senior professor at the Institute of East Asian Art History at Heidelberg University. An internationally renowned scholar of Chinese art and calligraphy, he has curated numerous exhibitions on Asian art, including Treasures from the Forbidden City (Berlin, Vienna 1985), The Terracotta Army (Dortmund 1991), Japan and Europe (Berlin 1993), and an exhibition of Chinese painting of the Ming and Qing dynasties (Baden-Baden 1985). His books include Mi Fu and the Classical Tradition of Chinese Calligraphy (Princeton). "Winner of the 2002 Joseph Levenson Book Prize for pre-1999 China" "A truly unique book to clarify the mind about what Chinese art is now and what it was." "[A] stimulating and provocative overview of the theme of creativity in Chinese art . . . This may be a book with a large and ambitious thesis, but it is also one very firmly grounded in specifics . . . illustrated with a richness and aptness which is rarely seen today . . . The clarity of exposition and the liveliness of the language makes each of the eight linked essays a pleasure to read on its own . . . The work deserves a wide readership."---Craig Clunas, Burlington Magazine "While the idea that traditional China can be defined by its production processes is not entirely new, only with Lothar Ledderose's Ten Thousand Things has that argument been made comprehensively, and in terms that fully engage the social and art historian . . . An excellent resource for the social and art history of China."---James A. Flath, Pacific Affairs "Ledderose's book, although written to be accessible to a nonspecialist reader, should have an equally impressive impact on scholars. . . . After reading it, one cannot but be excited about the future direction and possibilities of Chinese art history."---Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, Journal of Asian Studies

Nine essays, written between 1922 and 1941, on Paracelsus, Freud, Picasso, the sinologist Richard Wilhelm, Joyce's Ulysses, artistic creativity generally, and the source of artistic creativity in archetypal structures.

A striking account of Vasari's career, friendships, and contribution to the art of the Italian Renaissance Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Architects, Painters, and Sculptors, first published in 1550, fixed for three hundred years general European views about the art of the Renaissance, and its influence still lingers today. While much has been written about Vasari's writings, comparatively few full-length studies have dealt with the man himself. In this book, T.S.R. Boase offers a compelling account of Vasari's life and career. At the same time, Boase explores Vasari's ideas about the art and artists he described in the two editions of his Lives, placing these reflections in their contemporary context and later developments in art history and criticism. The result is an important appraisal of Vasari's achievement, which despite its imperfections is without parallel in the history of Western art. T.S.R. Boase (1898–1974) was an eminent art historian and the author of many books. Over a long and distinguished career, he served as director of the Courtauld Institute, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford, and president of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Aion, originally published in German in 1951, is one of the major works of Jung's later years. The central theme of the volume is the symbolic representation of the psychic totality through the concept of the Self, whose traditional historical equivalent is the figure of Christ. Jung demonstrates his thesis by an investigation of the Allegoria Christi, especially the fish symbol, but also of Gnostic and alchemical symbolism, which he treats as phenomena of cultural assimilation. The first four chapters, on the ego, the shadow, and the anima and animus, provide a valuable summation of these key concepts in Jung's system of psychology. "Much of the material in this book and many of the conclusions are fascinating. There is a great deal here to illustrate the background of modern mysticism and much which the reader, of whatever orientation, will regard as insight." "Aion contains some of Jung's most advanced thinking on the integrative principles of the psyche, and on the relation of matter to the symbolic processes of the collective unconscious. This is difficult ground to explore, but those who attempt the journey will find that their horizons have been surprisingly widened."

Essays on aspects of analytical therapy, specifically the transference, abreaction, and dream analysis. Contains an additional essay, "The Realities of Practical Psychotherapy," found among Jung's posthumous papers. "An excellent primer to appreciation of Jung's contribution to psychological thought."

A groundbreaking account of the meaning of abstract painting From Mondrian's bold geometric forms to Kandinsky's use of symbols to Pollock's "dripped paintings," the richly diverse movement of abstract painting challenges anyone trying to make sense of either individual works or the phenomenon as a whole. Applying his insights as an art historian and a painter, John Golding offers a unique approach to understanding the evolution of abstractionism by looking at the personal artistic development of seven of its greatest practitioners. He re-creates the journey undertaken by each painter in his move from representational art to the abstract-a journey that in most cases began with cubism but led variously to symbolism, futurism, surrealism, theosophy, anthropology, Jungian analysis, and beyond. For each artist, spiritual quest and artistic experimentation became inseparable. And despite their different techniques and philosophies, these artists shared one goal: to break a path to a new, ultimate pictorial truth. The book first explores the works and concerns of three pioneering European abstract painters-Mondrian, Malevich, Kandinsky-and then those of their American successors-Pollock, Newman, Rothko, and Still. Golding shows how each painter sought to see the world and communicate his vision in the purest or most expressive form possible. For example, Mondrian found his way into abstraction through a spiritual response to the landscape of his native Holland, Malevich through his apprehension of the human body, Kandinsky through a blend of religious mysticism and symbolism. Line and color became the focus for many of their creative endeavors. In the 1940s and 50s, the Americans raised the level of pictorial innovation, beginning most notably with Pollock and his Jung-inspired concept of action. Golding makes a powerful case that at its best and most profound, abstract painting is heavily imbued with meaning and content. Through a blend of biography, art analysis, and cultural history, Paths to the Absolute offers remarkable insights into how a sense of purpose is achieved in painting, and how abstractionism engaged with the intellectual currents of its time. Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. John Golding (1929–2012) was a distinguished art historian, art critic, curator, and painter. He was a lecturer and reader in the history of art at the Courtauld Institute; a senior tutor at the Royal College of Art, London; and Slade Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Cambridge. His history of cubism published in 1959 remains a standard work on the subject. His other books include Braque: The Late Works, Picasso: Sculptor/Painter, and Visions of the Modern. "Winner of the 2002 Mitchell Prize" "The restraint, subtlety, and intellectual rigor of John Golding's Paths to the Absolute . . . are especially timely." "The skill of Golding's style is that it draws together considerations of art-historical significance, aesthetic value . . . and personal opinion into a provocative amalgam."---Matthew Reynolds, Times Literary Supplement "[Golding] argues that the best abstract art is about something and that its meaning comes partly from the artist. The modernists he discusses were drenched in ideas, especially of better or hidden worlds." "Golding beautifully handles the thorniest of subjects. . . . It is the extraordinary rightness of the perceptions running throughout Paths to the Absolute which makes it finally so memorable."---David Anfam, Apollo "Rigorous but approachable."---Michael McNay, The Guardian "[A] sensitive survey of seven of art's most influential abstract painters." "Short, lucid, and written in a wonderfully jargon-free prose."---Michael White, Burlington Magazine "Whether writing of Mondrian's quest for the purity of art, Pollock's search for the symbol, or Rothko's abstract sublime, the author eloquently conveys the deep spiritual impu

An illuminating exploration of the meaning of abstract art by acclaimed art historian Kirk Varnedoe "What is abstract art good for? What's the use-for us as individuals, or for any society-of pictures of nothing, of paintings and sculptures or prints or drawings that do not seem to show anything except themselves?" In this invigorating account of abstract art since Jackson Pollock, eminent art historian Kirk Varnedoe, the former chief curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, asks these and other questions as he frankly confronts the uncertainties we may have about the nonrepresentational art produced in the past five decades. He makes a compelling argument for its history and value, much as E. H. Gombrich tackled representation fifty years ago in Art and Illusion, another landmark A. W. Mellon Lectures volume. Realizing that these lectures might be his final work, Varnedoe conceived of them as a statement of his faith in modern art and as the culminating example of his lucidly pragmatic and philosophical approach to art history. He delivered the lectures, edited and reproduced here with their illustrations, to overflowing crowds at the National Gallery of Art in Washington in the spring of 2003, just months before his death. With brilliance, passion, and humor, Varnedoe addresses the skeptical attitudes and misunderstandings that we often bring to our experience of abstract art. Resisting grand generalizations, he makes a deliberate and scholarly case for abstraction-showing us that more than just pure looking is necessary to understand the self-made symbolic language of abstract art. Proceeding decade by decade, he brings alive the history and biography that inform the art while also challenging the received wisdom about distinctions between abstraction and representation, modernism and postmodernism, and minimalism and pop. The result is a fascinating and ultimately moving tour through a half century of abstract art, concluding with an unforgettable description of one of Varnedoe's favorite works. Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. Kirk Varnedoe (1946-2003) was Professor of Art History at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 2001 until his death. From 1989 to 2001, he was chief curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. For many years he taught at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. His many books and exhibition catalogues include A Fine Disregard: What Makes Modern Art Modern and, with Adam Gopnik, High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture. "Varnedoe was an especially distinguished and influential curator and interpreter of modern art, and this book, in effect, is his last testament. It is in the analysis of specific works of art or bodies of work by a specific artist that Varnedoe shines, reflecting his long career of intimate study of art objects. He is commenting on some of the most challenging of artists, the likes of Richard Serra, Cy Twombly, Jasper Johns, and other innovators in abstraction of various kinds. There are some truly refreshing moments where Varnedoe has the courage of his convictions and explains why one artist of merit should receive more of our attention than another artist of merit-in effect, distinguishing between greater and lesser merit, rather than just good or bad."-Richard Shiff, University of Texas "Winner of the 2006 Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Arts and Art History, Association of American Publishers" "With the publication of Pictures of Nothing: Abstract Art Since Pollock by Kirk Varnedoe, we have a welcome reminder of the high esteem that abstract art came to enjoy in its heyday. . . . Pictures of Nothing, based on a series of lectures that Mr. Varnedoe gave at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, is a book that everyone with a serious interest in modern art will want to read, and it has the additional mer

"Finalist for the PROSE Award in Art History and Criticism, Association of American Publishers" Wu Hung is the Harrie A. Vanderstappen Distinguished Service Professor of Art History at the University of Chicago, where he is also director of the Center for the Art of East Asia. His many books include A Story of Ruins: Presence and Absence in Chinese Art and Visual Culture (Princeton) and Zooming In: Histories of Photography in China. A sweeping look at Chinese art across the millennia that upends traditional perspectives and offers new pathways for art history Throughout Chinese history, dynastic time-the organization of history through the lens of successive dynasties-has been the dominant mode of narrating the story of Chinese art, even though there has been little examination of this concept in discourse and practice until now. Chinese Art and Dynastic Time uncovers how the development of Chinese art was described in its original cultural, sociopolitical, and artistic contexts, and how these narratives were interwoven with contemporaneous artistic creation. In doing so, leading art historian Wu Hung opens up new pathways for the consideration of not only Chinese art, but also the whole of art history. Wu Hung brings together ten case studies, ranging from the third millennium BCE to the early twentieth century CE, and spanning ritual and religious art, painting, sculpture, the built environment, and popular art in order to examine the deep-rooted patterns in the historical conceptualization of Chinese art. Elucidating the changing notions of dynastic time in various contexts, he also challenges the preoccupation with this concept as the default mode in art historical writing. This critical investigation of dynastic time thus constitutes an essential foundation to pursue new narrative and interpretative frameworks in thinking about art history. Remarkable for the sweep and scope of its arguments and lucid style, Chinese Art and Dynastic Time probes the roots of the collective imagination in Chinese art and frees us from long-held perspectives on how this art should be understood. Published in association with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC "{Chinese Art and Dynastic Time} frees us from the long-held belief that Chinese art could only be read through the lens of successive dynasties."---Xue Xuan, International Institute for Asian Studies "This is an outstanding work of art history. Wu Hung's great achievement rests in his terrific control over a great span of time and material, in the form of both texts and images. With arguments that have value beyond Chinese art, and that impinge on the whole enterprise of art history, this significant book will stimulate the discipline for years to come."-Craig Clunas, author of Chinese Painting and Its Audiences "Chinese Art and Dynastic Time is a magisterial summation of the intellectual path of an eminent Chinese art historian. This is a milestone in the field."-Eugene Wang, author of Shaping the Lotus Sutra: Buddhist Visual Culture in Medieval China

The classic book on William Blake as prophet of the New Age William Blake (1757–1827) inhabited a remarkable inner world, one that he brought vividly to life in his poetry, painting, and printmaking. Blake and Antiquity situates this brilliant and enigmatic artist within the Western esoteric canon, revealing his indebtedness to Neoplatonism, the Gnostics, alchemy, and astrology. In this book, Kathleen Raine demonstrates how Blake rejected conventional orthodoxy and went in search among the occult traditions of antiquity for symbols that might expand the mind's awareness into a spiritual state where space, time, and even death are transcended. Kathleen Raine (1908–2003) was a British poet, critic, and scholar, and a leading authority on William Blake. Her many books include Blake and Tradition; Golgonooza, City of Imagination: Last Studies in William Blake; and Autobiographies. "For Kathleen Raine, Blake was an eighteenth-century herald of a change in thinking that only now is coming to fruition. . . . Blake and Antiquity is the work of a scholar who serves the lovers of literature."

Continuing the paperback edition of Charles S. Singleton's translation of The Divine Comedy, this work provides the English-speaking reader with everything he needs to read and understand the Paradiso. This volume consists of the prose translation of Giorgio Petrocchi's Italian text (which faces the translation on each page); its companion volume of commentary is a masterpiece of erudition, offering a wide range of information on such subjects as Dante's vocabulary, his characters, and the historical sources of incidents in the poem. Professor Singleton provides a clear and profound analysis of the poem's basic allegory, and the illustrations, diagrams, and map clarify points that have previously confused readers of The Divine Comedy. "With the publication of Singleton's edition of The Divine Comedy, we have in English . . . A truly scholarly edition which can at last vie with ones in Italian and German. . . . This monumental work will be indispensable for all lovers of this masterpiece who wish to root it in its linguistic, historical and social reality."

A groundbreaking reassessment of Picasso by one of today's preeminent art historians Picasso and Truth offers a breathtaking and original new look at the most significant artist of the modern era. From Pablo Picasso's early The Blue Room to the later Guernica, eminent art historian T. J. Clark offers a striking reassessment of the artist's paintings from the 1920s and 1930s. Why was the space of a room so basic to Picasso's worldview? And what happened to his art when he began to feel that room-space become too confined-too little exposed to the catastrophes of the twentieth century? Clark explores the role of space and the interior, and the battle between intimacy and monstrosity, in Picasso's art. Based on the A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts delivered at the National Gallery of Art, this volume remedies the biographical and idolatrous tendencies of most studies on Picasso, reasserting the structure and substance of the artist's work. With compelling insight, Clark focuses on three central works-the large-scale Guitar and Mandolin on a Table (1924), The Three Dancers (1925), and The Painter and His Model (1927)-and explores Picasso's answer to Nietzsche's belief that the age-old commitment to truth was imploding in modern European culture. Masterful in its historical contextualization, Picasso and Truth rescues Picasso from the celebrity culture that trivializes his accomplishments and returns us to the tragic vision of his art-humane and appalling, naïve and difficult, in mourning for a lost nineteenth century, yet utterly exposed to the hell of Europe between the wars. Published in association with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. T. J. Clark is George C. and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Art History Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of The Painting of Modern Life (Princeton), The Sight of Death, and Farewell to an Idea, and the coauthor of (with "Retort") Afflicted Powers. "No art historian in our time has had a greater impact both within the field and beyond it than T. J. Clark. Everything he writes matters in the most fundamental way. His latest book, Picasso and Truth, is no exception-superbly observed, beautifully argued, a tour de force of looking, thinking, and writing."-Michael Fried, author of The Moment of Caravaggio "This is the Picasso book for which we have all been waiting. This work displaces biographical and psychological treatments of the artist from the past several decades, rendering them obsolete-and it forever changes art history in its present disposition."-Rosalind E. Krauss, Columbia University "One of Financial Times (FT.com) Best Art Books of 2013" "Shortlisted for the Apollo Awards Book of the Year 2013, Apollo Magazine" "Brain-expanding but embracing, too. . . . T. J. Clark's Picasso and Truth [will] be with me for a good long time."---Jonathan Lethem, New York Times Book Review "Clark is very good at pointing out in detail the complex and radical ways in which Picasso's paintings were conceived. He discusses a number of individual works . . . with admirable awareness of their complexity, and the book is full of acute observations."---Jack Flam, Times Literary Supplement "Eloquent, confrontational and often disarmingly simple, Clark's writing moves quickly between levels, the metaphors heavy, the descriptions light."---Malcolm Bull, London Review of Books "Masterful. . . . Exquisite prose. . . . This satisfyingly rigorous book is grounded in Picasso's paintings and drawings throughout." "At his best, he is, simply, brilliant. At his worst, he is also brilliant."---Kevin Jackson, Literary Review "Thrilling. . . . Thus space becomes an arena for truth-telling after all: a conclusion with optimistic implications for the legacies we can still seek in 20th-century art if w

Charles S. Singleton's edition of the Divine Comedy, of which this is the first part, provides the English-speaking reader with everything he needs to read and understand Dante's great masterpiece. The Italian text here is in the edition of Giorgio Petrocchi, the leading Italian editor of Dante. Professor Singleton's prose translation, facing the Italian in a line-for-line arrangement on each page, is smooth and literate. The companion volume, the Commentary, marshals every point of information the reader may require: vocabulary; grammar; identification of Dante's characters; historical sources of some of the incidents and, where pertinent, excerpts from those sources in their original languages and in translation; profound clear analysis of the Divine Comedy's basic allegory. There is a complete bibliography of every aspect of Dante studies. This first part of the Divine Comedy which is illustrated with maps of Italy and the region Dante knew especially, diagrams of the circles of Hell, and plates showing some of the historic sites mentioned by Dante in his poem. "The publication of the first part of Singleton's translation and commentary provides the most comprehensive annotated edition of the Inferno available in English. It is particularly valuable not only for the wealth of factual material but for the citing and translation of long passages from Dante's sources. . . . An indispensable tool for all serious students of the Divine Comedy in English and a valuable possession for all Dantisti." "Although we have had many translations of the Comedy since the eighteenth century, some of them notable re-creations, we have not really had a scholarly edition which aims at relative completeness of information about the language, ideas, and background of the poem. This Professor Singleton has provided." "Singleton's edition of the Divine Comedy will certainly be the edition for readers in English. The translation is much the most satisfactory one I know. The commentary is the most complete and authoritative in English. It is clear that Singleton's work on the Inferno supersedes everything else of the kind."-Francis Fergusson

The authoritative edition of Jung's important early writings on his word-association experiments After joining the staff of the Burghölzli Mental Hospital in 1900, Jung developed and applied word-association tests for studying normal and abnormal psychology. Between 1904 and 1907, he published nine studies on these experiments. Experimental Researches features these studies, as well as two lectures on the association method that Jung gave in 1909 when he and Freud were invited to Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, and three articles on psychophysical researches. Jung's word-association studies are a significant phase in the development of his thought and an important contribution to diagnostic psychology and psychiatry. "A fascinating reminder that Jung, the famous clinician, was also a careful experimentalist of considerable diversity and great ingenuity."

An acclaimed art historian explains how to identify excellence in art In this book, Jakob Rosenberg takes up the timeless problem of how to make a valid judgment about artistic quality. In his search for criteria of excellence in art, Rosenberg examines both the achievements and failures of other critics from the Renaissance to modern times, including Giorgio Vasari, Roger de Piles, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Théophile Thoré, and Roger Fry. Drawing vital lessons from these critics' writings, Rosenberg charts an effective approach to the challenges of judging quality in works of art by analyzing master drawings from the fifteenth to twentieth centuries and comparing them with examples of followers or minor contemporaries. The result is a set of practical criteria that are applicable across diverse periods and styles. Brimming with insights from a legendary art critic and historian, On Quality in Art sheds invaluable light on drawings by artists ranging from Dürer, Raphael, Leonardo, Rubens, Rembrandt, Watteau, Degas, and van Gogh to Matisse, Picasso, and Marin. Jakob Rosenberg (1893–1980) was a leading authority on Dutch and German art and the author of several books, including Rembrandt: Life and Work, Great Draughtsmen from Pisanello to Picasso, and Dutch Art and Architecture, 1600–1800. "Thirty-six pairs of drawings are juxtaposed in this volume in order to extract standards (e.g. of quality) from them. The author proceeds cautiously and compares only examples from the same period and the same sphere of influence. The examples are chosen marvellously well and show in their selection Rosenberg's superior experience and knowledge."---Alfred Neumeyer, Art Journal "In reading him we learn how a sensitive and experienced connoisseur argues cases of this kind; no teacher of art history will neglect this lucid demonstration."---E. H. Gombrich, New York Review of Books "Mr. Rosenberg's language is clear and untechnical, the reproductions are superb . . . the thoughtful reader can follow the analysis of line, form, space, composition, and design in each of the examples given and can grasp the variations among artists and periods. He cannot help but be rewarded by a sharpening of his eye and a deepened capacity for judgment."

Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977) was a Russian-American writer whose novels in English include Lolita, Pale Fire, and Ada. He also wrote poetry, short stories, translations from Russian, and a memoir, Speak, Memory. Vladimir Nabokov's famous and brilliant commentary on Pushkin's Eugene Onegin When Vladimir Nabokov first published his controversial translation of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin in 1964, the great majority of the edition was taken up by Nabokov's witty and exhaustive commentary. Presented here in its own volume, the commentary is a unique scholarly masterwork by one of the twentieth century's greatest writers-a work that Nabokov biographer Brian Boyd calls "the most detailed commentary ever made on" Onegin and "indispensable to all serious students of Pushkin's masterpiece." In his commentary, Nabokov seeks to illuminate every possible nuance of this nineteenth-century classic. He explains obscurities, traces literary influences, relates Onegin to Pushkin's other work, and in a characteristically entertaining manner dwells on a host of interesting details relevant to the poem and the Russia it depicts. Nabokov also provides translations of lines and stanzas deleted by the censor or by Pushkin himself, variants from Pushkin's notebooks, fragments of a continuation called "Onegin's Journey," the unfinished and unpublished "Chapter Ten," other continuations, and an index. A work of astonishing erudition and passion, Nabokov's commentary is a landmark in the history of literary scholarship and in the understanding and appreciation of the greatest work of Russia's national poet. "A better commentary on a poem has never been written."-John Bayley, The Observer "The best [Onegin commentary] in any language."-Clarence Brown, Partisan Review

A major reevaluation of Caravaggio from one of today's leading art historians This is a groundbreaking examination of one of the most important artists in the Western tradition by one of the leading art historians and critics of the past half-century. In his first extended consideration of the Italian Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573-1610), Michael Fried offers a transformative account of the artist's revolutionary achievement. Based on the A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts delivered at the National Gallery of Art, The Moment of Caravaggio displays Fried's unique combination of interpretive brilliance, historical seriousness, and theoretical sophistication, providing sustained and unexpected readings of a wide range of major works, from the early Boy Bitten by a Lizard to the late Martyrdom of Saint Ursula. The result is an electrifying new perspective on a crucial episode in the history of European painting. Focusing on the emergence of the full-blown "gallery picture" in Rome during the last decade of the sixteenth century and the first decades of the seventeenth, Fried draws forth an expansive argument, one that leads to a radically revisionist account of Caravaggio's relation to the self-portrait; of the role of extreme violence in his art, as epitomized by scenes of decapitation; and of the deep structure of his epoch-defining realism. Fried also gives considerable attention to the art of Caravaggio's great rival, Annibale Carracci, as well as to the work of Caravaggio's followers, including Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi, Bartolomeo Manfredi, and Valentin de Boulogne. Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. Michael Fried is the J. R. Herbert Boone Professor Emeritus of Humanities and the History of Art at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of many books, including Absorption and Theatricality, Courbet's Realism, Manet's Modernism, Menzel's Realism, and Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before. He has also written several books of poems, including Promesse du Bonheur. He is the recipient of a Distinguished Achievement Award from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. "Seldom does one encounter a profoundly surprising yet rigorously historical reading of a very familiar work; in The Moment of Caravaggio this happens with painting after painting. Though an account primarily of Caravaggio and his circle, Fried's discussions of address, of autonomy, of interiority, and of the dispositif of easel painting, among other topics, will resonate across the field. Every scholar of early modern art should read this book."-Michael W. Cole, Columbia University "No one sees paintings better than Michael Fried, or thinks as persistently or with such philosophical depth about such seeing, about the very possibility of pictorial meaning. The Moment of Caravaggio is a spectacular, compelling addition to his oeuvre. An engrossing and often simply thrilling read, the book is a triumph."-Robert B. Pippin, University of Chicago "This is a dazzling tour de force. Michael Fried's readings of a series of Caravaggio's most fascinating and enigmatic pictures keep one turning the pages with the greatest pleasure. Fried's arguments are compelling, muscular, and graceful."-Leonard Barkan, Princeton University "One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2011" "Winner of the 2010 PROSE Award in in Art History & Criticism, Association of American Publishers" "A ARTFORUM T. J. Clark Best Book of the Year for 2010" "[An] infinitely erudite investigation of, among other things, the pervasiveness of violence in Caravaggio's painting."---Holland Cotter, New York Times "Fried's study argues across radically different artistic periods . . . the better to construct an argument that is as big as it is granular."---Angus Trumble, Times Literary Supplement "Fried encapsulates Caravaggio's tempestuous personality, his place within the relig

An essential guide to vital and often overlooked features of the architectural and social inheritance of the West This book provides vital insights into the ways in which architecture reflects the character of society. Drawing on his immense erudition and keenly discerning eye, Nikolaus Pevsner describes twenty types of buildings ranging from the most monumental to the least, and from the ideal to the most utilitarian. He covers both European and American architecture, with examples chosen largely from the nineteenth century, the crucial period for diversification. Included are national monuments, libraries, theaters, hospitals, prisons, factories, hotels, and many other public buildings. Incisive and authoritative, A History of Building Types traces the evolution of each type in response to social and architectural change, and discusses differing attitudes toward function, materials, and style. Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced. Nikolaus Pevsner (1902–1983) was professor of art history at Birkbeck, University of London. His books include Pioneers of Modern Design: From William Morris to Walter Gropius and An Outline of European Architecture. "A monument of lively scholarship, and also a most revealing anthology. . . . Gloriously informative. It brims with curious details."---Raymond Mortimer, Sunday Times

A major account of Renaissance portraiture by one of the twentieth century's most eminent art historians In this book, John Pope-Hennessy provides an unprecedented look at two centuries of experiment in portraiture during the Renaissance. Pope-Hennessy shows how the Renaissance cult of individuality brought with it a demand that the features of the individual be perpetuated, a concept first manifested in the portraits that fill the great Florentine fresco cycles and led, later in the fifteenth century, to the creation of the independent portrait by such artists as Sandro Botticelli, Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Giovanni Bellini, and Antonello da Messina. Pope-Hennessy goes on to describe the process by which Titian and the great artists of the High Renaissance transformed the portrait from a record of appearance into an analysis of character. Sir John Pope-Hennessy (1913–1994) was consultative chairman of the Department of European Paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and professor of fine arts at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. "Elegant, erudite, and very readable. . . . Concentrating on the stylistic morphology of the portrait and drawing on the whole range of spiritual, cultural, and aesthetic forces that determined its development in these glorious centuries, Mr. Pope-Hennessy is able to show us these artists in a fresh light. . . . [The] book is animated by an admirable intelligence and a fine clarity."---Hilton Kramer, New York Times Book Review

An illuminating look at the iconography of the early church and its important place in the history of Christian art In this book, historian André Grabar demonstrates how early Christian iconography assimilated contemporary imagery of the time. Grabar looks at the most characteristic examples of paleo-Christian iconography, dwelling on their nature, form, and content. He explores the limits of originality in such art, its debt to figurative art, and the broader cultural climate in the Roman Empire, drawing a distinction between expressive images-that is, genuine works of art-and informative ones. Throughout, Grabar establishes the importance of imperial iconography in the development of Christian portraits and sheds light on the role they played alongside other forms of Christian piety in their day. André Grabar (1896–1990) was an internationally renowned historian of Byzantine and medieval art and a central figure at Dumbarton Oaks, the research institute of Harvard University in Washington, DC. His many books include Byzantine and Early Medieval Painting and Romanesque Painting from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century. "A major contribution to the history of Christianity and Europe." "Grabar considers his material with a wisdom and good sense all his own."---John Beckwith, Apollo "Packed with the observant scholarship for which the author has long been famous."---Cornelius C. Vermeule III, Classical World

A leading art historian's plea for a more engaged reading of Italian Renaissance art Only Connect constructs a history of Renaissance paintings and sculptures that are by design completed outside themselves by the spectator, that draw the spectator into their narrative plot or aesthetic functioning, and that reposition the spectator imaginatively or in time and space. John Shearman's concern is mostly with anterior relationships with the viewer-that is, relationships conceived and constructed as part of a work's design, making, and positioning. He proposes unconventional ways in which works of art may be distinguished from one another, and in which spectators may be distinguished as well, and enlarges the accepted field of artistic invention. Only Connect challenges us to recognize the presuppositions of Renaissance artists about their viewers, shining a light on the process of discovery by some of the most inventive and intellectual artists of the period. John Shearman (1931–2003) was the Charles Adams University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and the author of many books, including Raphael in Early Modern Sources, 1483–1602; The Early Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen; and Mannerism. "Winner of the Charles Rufus Morey Award, College Art Association" "One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 1993" "In guiding our concentrated attention to the action that unfolds in [a group of paintings by Raphael, Michelangelo, Pontormo, and others that represent the Entombment], the author has taught us to make the relevant connections and thus to see these deeply moving works with fresh eyes."---E. H. Gombrich, New York Review of Books "Shearman's six lectures contribute significantly to current debates about the interpretation of images, particularly in relation to their reception by the spectators."---Martin Kemp, Times Literary Supplement "As the author of a brilliant work on Mannerism, in which literature and music were employed to explain characteristic forms, Shearman is eminently qualified for his task. [He] weaves a brilliant account of poetry and painting immortalising the sitter."---Bruce Boucher, The Times "[Shearman's] argument that the observer, in the artist's mind, was as carefully placed, posed and arranged as the content of the work is sustained by considerable intelligence and scholarship."---Robin Blake, Independent on Sunday

A landmark account of the work, thought, and life of the seventeenth-century French painter In this book, Anthony Blunt presents a rich account of the paintings, life, and development of the great seventeenth-century French classicist Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665), addressing the artist's entire oeuvre alongside his theory of art. Blunt shows why Poussin holds a central place in the great French humanist line that produced Racine, Molière, Voltaire, the Parnassians, and Mallarmé. At the same time, he examines how Poussin looks back to Raphael and ancient Rome, while pointing forward to Ingres, Cézanne, the Cubists, and Picasso. Anthony Blunt (1907–1983) was director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, professor of art history at London University, and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures. His many books include Art and Architecture in France, 1500–1700. "An extraordinary synthesis of Poussin the painter and Poussin the thinker. . . . A classic of modern art history."---J. M. Brown, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism

An illuminating biographical study of the eighteenth-century English man of letters and patron of the arts Horace Walpole (1717–1797) was a collector, printer, novelist, arbiter of taste, and renowned writer of letters. In this book, eminent scholar Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis provides an unprecedented look at the life and work of one of England's greatest men of letters. Lewis sheds light on Walpole's relationships with his family and friends, his politics, his writings and printmaking activities, and his correspondence. Featuring portraits of Walpole, his relatives, and friends; images of Walpole's sketches and manuscripts; pages from books printed at Walpole's Strawberry Hill Press; and views and plans of Strawberry Hill, the house, its rooms and furnishings, and its grounds, and accompanied by Lewis's extensive annotations, this book provides an invaluable history of an extraordinary man. Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis (1895–1979) was a collector and writer who devoted his life to amassing the largest single collection of Walpole's papers, prints, and books, which now resides at the Lewis Walpole Library at Yale University. His books include Horace Walpole's Library and Collector's Progress. "It is Walpole the man who fascinates Mr. Lewis and who, when Mr. Lewis is done, fascinates us."

How artists created an aesthetic of "positive barbarism" in a world devastated by World War II, the Holocaust, and the atomic bomb In Brutal Aesthetics, leading art historian Hal Foster explores how postwar artists and writers searched for a new foundation of culture after the massive devastation of World War II, the Holocaust, and the atomic bomb. Inspired by the notion that modernist art can teach us how to survive a civilization become barbaric, Foster examines the various ways that key figures from the early 1940s to the early 1960s sought to develop a "brutal aesthetics" adequate to the destruction around them. With a focus on the philosopher Georges Bataille, the painters Jean Dubuffet and Asger Jorn, and the sculptors Eduardo Paolozzi and Claes Oldenburg, Foster investigates a manifold move to strip art down, or to reveal it as already bare, in order to begin again. What does Bataille seek in the prehistoric cave paintings of Lascaux? How does Dubuffet imagine an art brut, an art unscathed by culture? Why does Jorn populate his paintings with "human animals"? What does Paolozzi see in his monstrous figures assembled from industrial debris? And why does Oldenburg remake everyday products from urban scrap? A study of artistic practices made desperate by a world in crisis, Brutal Aesthetics is an intriguing account of a difficult era in twentieth-century culture, one that has important implications for our own. Published in association with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC Please note: All images in this ebook are presented in black and white and have been reduced in size. Hal Foster is the Townsend Martin, Class of 1917, Professor of Art and Archaeology at Princeton University and the author of many books, including The First Pop Age (Princeton). A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he writes regularly for October, the London Review of Books, and Artforum. "Hal Foster moves-often in a single quickening sentence-from the specific work of art to the forces that shape our ways of seeing, illuminating both, opening up new modes of thought and filiation. His books are never far from me."-Ben Lerner, author of The Topeka School "At the most opportune time, Foster undertakes a reconsideration of barbarism as it was reinvented in the visual arts of the mid-twentieth century. Not only does he excavate a crucial post–World War II tendency that has evaded systematic comparative interpretation, but he also sheds light on the political aporias of our present."-David Joselit, author of After Art "In Brutal Aesthetics, Hal Foster discerns an array of common strategies in the work of a heterogeneous group of postwar thinkers and artists, diagnosing their equivocal attitude toward the world at large, but also toward history and thus tradition, as 'positive barbarism.' Foster is a brilliant synthesizer who draws maps that forever change the contours of the territory."-Yve-Alain Bois, Institute for Advanced Study "Eloquent. . . . Substantially rewarding both in historical detail and theoretical reference."---Joseph Nechvatal, Brooklyn Rail "Hal Foster's research sets the figures in context, compares them in an original way and skilfully manages to identify common aspects of their work. For those interested in modern art, intellectual history and politics of the cold war era, this book comes strongly recommended."---Christian Kile, Sehepunkte "In Brutal Aesthetics, Hal Foster compellingly investigates the complex dichotomies that inherently exist within brutalist art theory of the postwar period. Through the lens of five iconic figures and the transformative nature of their respective disciplines, Foster provides substantial evidence for such an examination and lays the foundation for this essential contribution to the literature around the subject. Covering an historically pivotal turning point in Western

An in-depth look at the exquisite metal sculpture of the Roman baroque Roman baroque sculpture is usually thought of in terms of large-scale statues in marble and bronze, tombs, or portrait busts. Smaller bronze statuettes are often overlooked, and the extensive production of sculptural silver-much of which is now lost but can be studied from drawings-is frequently omitted from the histories of art. In this book, Jennifer Montagu enriches our understanding of the sculpture of the period by investigating the bronzes that adorn the great tabernacles of Roman churches; gilded silver, both secular and ecclesiastical; elaborately embossed display dishes; and the production of medals. Concentrating on selected pieces by such master sculptors as Bernini and leading metal-workers such as Giovanni Giardini, Montagu examines the often tortuous relationship between patrons and artists and elucidates the relationship between those who provided the drawings or models and the craftsmen who executed the finished sculptures. Jennifer Montagu, who for many years was curator of the photographic collection at the Warburg Institute, is the author of many books, including Bronzes, Alessandro Algardi, and Roman Baroque Sculpture: The Industry of Art. "This pioneering book provides fascinating insights into the relationship between patrons and artists and between those who provided the drawings or models and the craftsmen who produced the finished sculptures."

The classic study of the timeless relationship between literature and the visual arts In his search for a common link between literature and the visual arts, Mario Praz draws on the abundant evidence of mutual understanding and correspondence they have long shared. Praz explains that within literature, each epoch has "its peculiar handwriting or handwritings, which, if one could interpret them, would reveal a character, even a physical appearance," and while these characteristics belong to the general style of a given period, the personality of the writer does not fail to pierce through. Praz contends that something similar occurs in art. He shows how the likeness between the arts within various periods of history can ultimately be traced to structural similarities that arise out of the characteristic way in which the people of a certain epoch see and memorize facts aesthetically. Mnemosyne, at once the goddess of memory and the mother of the muses, presides over this view of the arts. In illustrating her influence, Praz ranges widely through Western sources, providing an incomparable tour of the literary and pictorial arts. Mario Praz (1896–1982) was professor emeritus of English language and literature at the University of Rome. His books include The Romantic Agony, Studies in Seventeenth-Century Imagery, and The Flaming Heart. "One of the most urbane and sophisticated cultural tours ever put between two covers." "Mnemosyne is really a great tour down the centuries through galleries, libraries, churches, gardens, and salons, which at every point opens up surprising and penetrating views. Mr. Praz is a man whose breadth of culture is almost unmatched. His outlook is open and humane, his insight attractive, and his mind passionately curious: he has a phenomenal capacity for bringing valuable things out of hiding." "The lectures constitute a tour de force and, as with everything from his pen, there is much that is new and stimulating. . . . After reading this admirable volume there can be little doubt that historians of art and literature-no less than the gentle reader-will learn much from it about the problems of seeking to establish parallels between the arts."

A cultural and social history of art collecting, art history, and the art market In The Rare Art Traditions, Joseph Alsop offers a wide-ranging cultural and social history of art collecting, art history, and the art market. He argues that art collecting is the basic element in a remarkably complex and historically rare behavioral system, which includes the historical study of art, the market for buying and selling art, museums, forgery, and the astonishing prices commanded by some works of art. The Rare Art Traditions tells the story of three important traditions of art collecting: the classical tradition that began in Greece, the Chinese tradition, and the Western tradition. The result is a major original contribution to art history. Joseph Alsop (1910–1989) was a prominent American journalist, syndicated Washington columnist, and art collector. His books include From the Silent Earth: A Report on the Greek Bronze Age. "Art historians have produced a rich literature on the history of art patronage and art collecting through the ages, but what we know about the art market and the history of art dealing is woefully inadequate. . . . It has remained for a private scholar who is not an art historian by training, Mr. Joseph Alsop, to accomplish what we should have done long ago."-H. W. Janson, author of History of Art "This is a genuine and quirky book: It provokes ideas; it raises objections."---James R. Mellow, New York Times Book Review

Otto Georg von Simson (1912–1993) was professor emeritus of art history at the Free University of Berlin. His books include Sacred Fortress: Byzantine Art and Statecraft in Ravenna (Princeton). The classic work on Gothic religious architecture, now with added illustrations and a new section by the author on rose windows No other monument of a culture so radically different from our own is as much a part of contemporary life as the Gothic cathedral. In this illuminating book, esteemed art historian Otto Georg von Simson explores how Gothic architecture is an expression of supernatural reality, and shows how, to those who designed and worshipped in the great cathedrals of France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, this symbolic function of sacred architecture overshadowed all others. The Gothic Cathedral takes readers from the birth of the Gothic style with the Basilica of St.-Denis to the consummation of the form in the majestic Cathedral of Chartres, revealing how these incomparable architectural masterpieces embodied the spiritual and intellectual order of the medieval world. "The Gothic Cathedral is the most stimulating and comprehensive work on the subject to date. . . . If the cathedrals are to be understood, Mr. von Simson rightly declares, they must be seen not in the light of twentieth-century esthetic observation, but of twelfth-century religious experience, through which the supernatural permeated every aspect of human existence. . . . The resulting interpretation of the monuments is a critical tour de force."-Allan Temko, New York Times Book Review "Not since Mont-St.-Michel and Chartres has so poetic and so evocative a study of the Gothic movement been published. . . . The Gothic Cathedral is based on a wide factual as well as intuitive knowledge, transformed by the author's illuminating style into a text both formidable and pleasurable."-Virginia Quarterly Review

As an associate of C. G. Jung for many years, Jolande Jacobi is in a unique position to provide an interpretation of his work. In this volume, Dr. Jacobi presents a study of three central, interrelated concepts in analytical psychology: the individual complex, the universal archetype, and the dynamic symbol.

One of the twentieth century's most influential texts on philosophical aesthetics Painting as an Art is acclaimed philosopher Richard Wollheim's encompassing vision of how to view art. Transcending the traditional boundaries of art history, Wollheim draws on his three great passions-philosophy, psychology, and art-to present an illuminating theory of the very experience of art. He shows how to unlock the meaning of a painting by retrieving-almost reenacting-the creative activity that produced it. In order to fully appreciate a work of art, Wollheim argues, critics must bring a much richer conception of human psychology than they have in the past. This classic book points the way to discovering what is most profound and subtle about paintings by major artists such as Titian, Bellini, and de Kooning. Richard Wollheim (1923–2003) was emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His many books include Art and Its Objects, On the Emotions, and Freud. "There are books aplenty on painting and art, but this is the first to explain seriously what makes painting an art, and it is our good luck to have it from a notable philosopher who is also on an intimate footing with the tradition of Western painting and who knows how to stand in front of a painting and spin tales that sparkle with truth. . . . Wollheim's interpretations are bold, revisionary and cogent. Only a philosopher of his rare gifts, and a connoisseur with his command of the art-historical tradition, could possibly have the confidence to bring off his feat of virtuoso interpretation."---Flint Schier, New York Times Book Review "It is one of the achievements of Richard Wollheim's superb book that it offers an extremely subtle sense of the mind's functioning, while providing a theory of critical relevance: it shows how psychological and cultural factors enter a painting's content, and how arguments on relevance can be conducted in difficult cases."---Michael Podro, Times Literary Supplement

Alexander Nemerov is the Carl and Marilynn Thoma Provostial Professor in the Arts and Humanities at Stanford University. His many books include Fierce Poise: Helen Frankenthaler and 1950s New York and Soulmaker: The Times of Lewis Hine (Princeton). A vivid historical imagining of life in the early United States "One of the richest books ever to come my way."-Annie Proulx, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Shipping News "This is a wonderful book. . . . An extraordinary achievement."-Edmund de Waal, New York Times bestselling author of The Hare with Amber Eyes Set amid the glimmering lakes and disappearing forests of the early United States, The Forest imagines how a wide variety of Americans experienced their lives. Part truth, part fiction, and featuring both real and invented characters, the book follows painters, poets, enslaved people, farmers, and artisans living and working in a world still made largely of wood. Some of the historical characters-such as Thomas Cole, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Fanny Kemble, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nat Turner-are well-known, while others are not. But all are creators of private and grand designs. The Forest unfolds in brief stories. Each episode reveals an intricate lost world. Characters cross paths or go their own ways, each striving for something different but together forming a pattern of life. For Alexander Nemerov, the forest is a description of American society, the dense and discontinuous woods of nation, the foliating thoughts of different people, each with their separate shade and sun. Through vivid descriptions of the people, sights, smells, and sounds of Jacksonian America, illustrated with paintings, prints, and photographs, The Forest brings American history to life on a human scale. Published in association with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC "For each scene, {Alexander Nemerov} seems to have asked himself not merely how things would have looked in the 1830s but also how they would have sounded, felt, tasted and smelled. The Forest is easily one of the most pungent books I've read, an encyclopedia of vintage odors. . . . After you've read this book, most other cultural histories will seem as stale as the straw on the floor."---Jackson Arn, Wall Street Journal "This vibrant collection liberally envisions America's early cultural life through its forests, from Nathaniel Hawthorne, for whom trees were 'arbors of thought,' to Nat Turner, who planned his rebellion while secluded in the woods." "I really wish I'd written this book. The Forest is what one might dubiously call 'a nonfiction novel,' taking as it does the lives, both real and imagined, of multiple early inhabitants of America's great forests-artists, tradesmen, farmers, poets, enslaved people-and turning them into fictionalized episodes. . . . This is history imagined as ecology."---Jonny Diamond, Literary Hub "{A} beguiling study of American intellectual and cultural life two centuries ago at the places where forests and civilization met." "Alexander Nemerov . . . brings {an} unruly and uncanny world to life in his new book, The Forest. Neither history nor fiction, the book unspools over dozens of gem-like stories of man's last real encounters with these ancient forests: Nat Turner's woodland hiding place, the inscription of the Cherokee language both on trail trees and on paper, Harriet Tubman's view of the Leonid meteor shower, the painter Thomas Cole's top hat of felted-beaver fur."---Stephanie Bastek, Smarty Pants podcast "{In} The Forest, readers have a chance to walk through the woods of the early 1800s-and discover that the often contradictory ways we relate to nature now have been with us at least since then. . . . {The book} peers closely at the art of the period in order to better capture how people then felt, thought and dreamed about themselves and the land."---Kiley Bense, I

The authoritative edition of Jung's essential writings for understanding his early enthusiasm for-and later split with-Freud and psychoanalysis Freud and Psychoanalysis gathers Jung's writings on Freud and psychoanalysis published between 1906 and 1916, along with two later, related papers. The book covers the period of the enthusiastic collaboration between the two pioneers of psychology through the years when Jung's growing appreciation of religious experience, his criticism of Freud's emphasis on pathology, and other differences led to Jung's formal break with his mentor. Part I features brief studies of Freud's theory of hysteria, dream analysis, the psychology of rumor, and other subjects. Parts II and III contain the essentials of the criticism that led to Jung's rupture with Freud, the most important of which is "The Theory of Psychoanalysis." Part IV presents "The Significance of the Father in the Destiny of the Individual." The book's final two pieces, "Freud and Jung: Contrasts" and the introduction to a book by W. M. Kranefeldt, further illuminate Jung's reassessment of psychoanalysis. "This volume is an excellent introduction into Jungian theories and demonstrates their fundamental differences from psychoanalysis. It also makes it understandable that Jung was often called a mystic even at the early stage of the development of his theories. The translation is admirable."

The authoritative edition of early psychiatric studies by Jung, which foreshadow much of his later work Psychiatric Studies gathers writings on descriptive and experimental psychiatry that Jung published between 1902 and 1905, early in his career as a psychiatrist. The book opens with a study that foreshadows much of his later work and is indispensable to all serious students of his psychiatric career. This is his medical-degree dissertation, "On the Psychology and Pathology of So-called Occult Phenomena," a detailed analysis of the case of an adolescent girl who professed to be a medium. This volume also includes papers on cryptomnesia, hysterical parapraxes in reading, manic mood disorder, simulated insanity, and other subjects. "This text reads with a freshness that is the hallmark of genius."