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Control in System Dynamics
by Alain Oustaloup
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In order to ensure a pedagogical presentation of the fundamentals, this book, which is based on 45 years of experience, endeavors to identify the main principles of the control scheme and its dynamics.
The control loop is extensively developed because of the reference it constitutes in control. By establishing the control loop as equivalent to any other control or, more precisely, by making an elementary control loop appear, it becomes possible to reveal a part of this loop in other controls and, thanks to its regulator, qualitatively evaluate the control strategy. A comparative analysis then shows that the complexification of the control scheme does not necessarily go hand in hand with a better control strategy and therefore a better performance.
Since robustness results from innovations in terms of performance desensitization, the CRONE control is presented, in view of the genuine domains of uncertainty taken into account and the small number of parameters to be optimized. The educational nature of this book is enhanced by numerous solved problems that develop examples of synthesis of different controls.
Control in System Dynamics is intended for a very wide audience, including engineers, researchers, teachers and students hoping to expand their knowledge of control and dynamics in automatic control.
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Synchrotron Radiation, Cultural Heritage, Biomineralization
by Catherine Dejoie
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Many areas of material science have been transformed by the use of synchrotron radiation X-rays, including the fields of cultural heritage materials and biomineralization. This book presents a selection of contributions that illustrate recent developments and applications of these tools, focused either on the main techniques used in the cultural heritage and biomineralization communities or on specific materials, studying their intrinsic properties or how they change with time.
Each chapter can be read alone, and each individually demonstrates the intimate links between materials and methods. The chapters explore the main principles of synchrotron radiation, as well as techniques based on X-ray absorption and diffraction, and give an overview of how these approaches have developed in recent decades in the field of cultural heritage, with specific examples such as ancient ceramics, corrosion of iron-based materials, concrete used in Roman monuments and the biomineralization process in sea urchin spines.
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Tourismophobia
by Jean-Christophe Gay
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At the heart of "tourismophobia", past and present, is the question of the masses and the differentiation between those who call themselves "travellers", denying their own tourism, and tourists.
Tourismophobia studies the persistence of the repulsion for them, and though their number is infinitely greater today, they are no longer socially the same and practices have radically changed. This book brings this cultural invariant out of the shadows to understand the driving forces behind this social posture, which has taken a new turn with climate change.
Without overlooking the negative effects of tourism, this book is a response to the current debate on "overtourism", which is the most contemporary form of tourismophobia.
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X-Ray Radiation and Artificial Bragg Structures
by Jean-Michel Andre
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The artificial Bragg structures (ABS) studied in this book have revolutionized X-ray optics. They are based on (quasi-) periodic stacks of nanoscale thin films with periods close to the wavelength of the radiation.
X-ray Radiation and Artificial Bragg Structures presents the historical prolegomena relating to X-ray sources and the initial development of ABS. It analyzes the modeling of ABS characteristics and performance, and their optimization. It also presents matrix and recursive methods, coupled-wave theory and scattering theory.
This book also examines ABSs as seats for special quantum and magneto-optic phenomena. It discusses the application of ABSs, as well as promising developments in EUV lithography and the realization of new X-ray sources. Finally, it presents the prospects offered by ABSs in the near future, particularly in the field of coherent sources and X-ray lasers.
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Mediation and Hierarchy of Knowledge on Communication
by Aude Seurrat
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This book explores the various forms of knowledge selection and mediation concerning communication in organizations, particularly focusing on professional communication training courses. The work is based on a corpus study of training catalogues, an interview survey of trainers, as well as ethnographic observations of professional communication training courses.
Mediation and Hierarchy of Knowledge on Communication analyzes how the pursuit of certainty contributes to favoring certain types of 'learned' knowledge over others. This analysis reveals that the theoretical frameworks employed in vocational training for communicators predominantly rely on experimental reasoning and explanatory models, drawing upon insights from psychosocial experiments, neuroscience and management science.
This quest for certainty has positioned the life sciences as the benchmark for scientific validity, resulting in a form of biologization of communication that this book aims to deconstruct.
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Mathematics for Digital Science 1
by Gerard-Michel Cochard
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Over the past century, advancements in computer science have consistently resulted from extensive mathematical work. Even today, innovations in the digital domain continue to be grounded in a strong mathematical foundation. To succeed in this profession, both today's students and tomorrow's computer engineers need a solid mathematical background.
The goal of this book series is to offer a solid foundation of the knowledge essential to working in the digital sector. Across three volumes, it explores fundamental principles, digital information, data analysis, and optimization. Whether the reader is pursuing initial training or looking to deepen their expertise, the Mathematics for Digital Science series revisits familiar concepts, helping them refresh and expand their knowledge while also introducing equally essential, newer topics.
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3D Concrete Printing
by Arnaud Perrot
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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in additive manufacturing in the world of concrete construction.
3D Concrete Printing tackles its subject from several angles, including issues relating to concrete materials (such as their formulation or fresh-state behavior), the various printing processes that have been developed, and how to describe the mechanical behavior and architectural and structural designs of printed structures. This book also considers the transition to application and industrialization, and the relevance of these new technologies in reducing the environmental impact of the construction sector.
Finally, material characterization methodologies are presented with a view to describing the behavior of materials both before and after printing, and the modeling tools used to simulate the process are listed.
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Radioactive Risk for Humans
by Jean-Claude Amiard
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Once scientists discovered radioactivity, they soon recognized its dangers. However, the assessment of radioactive risk to humans is still the subject of heated debate.
In this book, the authors present a summary of past and recent scientific work on estimating radioactivity in the anthroposphere and the radioactive contamination of human beings. They describe the various sources of exposure to ionizing radiation (external, internal and dietary) and estimate the irradiation doses suffered by humans under various conditions (both naturally occurring for the general public and professionals, and from accidents). The harmful effects of ionizing radiation at various biological levels (molecular, cellular and tissue) and health effects at the individual level are also discussed.
Particular focus will be placed on radiation-induced occupational illnesses. The relationship between doses of ionizing radiation and its harmful effects is discussed with reference to high, medium and low doses. The controversies on this subject are outlined, and international and French regulatory values are provided. Finally, an estimate of the radioactive risk for humans is suggested.
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Well-Being at School
by Various Authors
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In recent decades, children's well-being, particularly at school, has become a major political and academic issue that has gained importance both in public policy and in the social sciences.
Well-being at School uncovers and discusses the different ways in which school well-being has been defined and evaluated, by outlining the international and interdisciplinary state of the art. It presents recent and diversified empirical evidence in different European and non-European countries, which bring together perspectives that have often been arbitrarily and artificially opposed in the literature: objective well-being versus subjective well-being; adult-centered perspective versus child-centered perspective; and analysis of family determinants versus analysis of school determinants of child well-being.
This book's originality lies in simultaneously considering the multiple dimensions of children's well-being at school and understanding how these different determinants interact and combine, depending on the (geographical, social and family) contexts in which the children live.
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Machine Learning in Geomechanics 1
by Various Authors
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Machine learning has led to incredible achievements in many different fields of science and technology. These varied methods of machine learning all offer powerful new tools to scientists and engineers and open new paths in geomechanics.
The two volumes of Machine Learning in Geomechanics aim to demystify machine learning. They present the main methods and provide examples of its applications in mechanics and geomechanics. Most of the chapters provide a pedagogical introduction to the most important methods of machine learning and uncover the fundamental notions underlying them.
Building from the simplest to the most sophisticated methods of machine learning, the books give several hands-on examples of coding to assist readers in understanding both the methods and their potential and identifying possible pitfalls.
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e-Health Security Management
by Omessaad Hamdi
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Digital evolution, whether through Internet advances or the development of connected objects, has triggered a veritable societal revolution. Thanks to technological advances, e-health services enable healthcare professionals to monitor patients in real time. However, new challenges have also arisen in the field of e-health, concerning the security of medical data, as well as the protection of patient privacy.
After presenting e-health architectures and explaining the proliferation of cyber attacks, e-Health Security Management focuses on proposing solutions designed to meet these security imperatives and respect patient privacy, such as the use of blockchain, "biometrics", new encryption methods or artificial intelligence. Implementing these solutions is crucial to guarantee the acceptance and effectiveness of e-health services.
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Implementation of Enzymatic Processes and Lactic Bacteria in the Food Industries
by Various Authors
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Consumers are demanding healthy, natural food products with no environmental impacts. The use of ingredients of plant origin and the implementation of bioprocesses using enzymes and micro-organisms as biocatalysts represent a promising alternative to satisfy this demand.
Implementation of Enzymatic Processes and Lactic Bacteria in the Food Industries focuses on describing the latest developments in the use of enzymatic biocatalysts and lactic acid bacteria in the food industry.
The first part of the book is devoted to the presentation of different classes of enzymes, production and application processes, ways of improving enzymes and the main industrial applications using biocatalysts.
The second part of the book describes a family of micro-organisms widely used in health food processing and formulation: lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Then, the most commonly used encapsulation matrices, encapsulation processes and the process of bacterial adhesion to these matrices are discussed. Finally, the best-known fermented foods and new approaches developed in this field are presented.
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Some Complex Phenomena in Fluid and Solid Mechanics
by Various Authors
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This book is a tribute to Professor Abdelhak Ambari and brings together ten chapters written by colleagues who were fortunate enough to work with him.
The contributions presented in this book cover the research themes in which Abdelhak Ambari was interested, and to which he made valuable experimental and theoretical contributions. For example: rheology of complex fluids and polymers; hydrodynamic interactions; flows at low Reynolds numbers; characterization of porous media; hydrodynamic instabilities and solid mechanics; electrochemical metrology.
Some Complex Phenomena in Fluid and Solid Mechanics is aimed at a wide community of readers wishing to delve deeper into these scientific themes: since it is oriented toward the world of research, it will be a valuable tool for doctoral students and beyond. The book also provides undergraduate and graduate students with a good introduction to the techniques and approaches developed in fundamental and applied research in the fields of fluid mechanics, solid mechanics and instrumentation.
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Fission-track Thermochronology
by Various Authors
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Low-temperature thermochronology has become an essential tool when studying near-surface geological processes. Time-temperature constraints are vital to quantify and describe a large variety of geological processes, such as relief building, erosion and sedimentation or the maturation of organic matter in sedimentary basins.
After a brief history covering the discovery of fission tracks to their first applications in geochronology, Fission-track Thermochronology presents a complete description of not only the fission-track, but also the (U Th Sm)/He thermochronology approaches, both on basement rocks and on sediments. Firstly, the physical and chemical processes that underlie these techniques are addressed, and the analytical methods are described in detail. A particular focus is placed on the latest developments, such as the use of laser-ablation ICP-MS, and a whole chapter is dedicated to statistical modeling of the data.
Finally, numerous examples of applications to geological questions will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of low temperature thermochronology in solving geological and geomorphological questions.
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Milk and Dairy Products: Some Challenges for the Dairy Industry
by Various Authors
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Milk is considered a complete food, consumed at all stages of life. It is transformed into numerous products, fermented or not, as well as into a variety of ingredients, in order to preserve it or some of its constituents from a few days to a few years.
This book addresses the innovations that deal with milk and the use of gentle techniques that best preserve dairy constituents. This book explores some of the current challenges facing the milk processing industry, namely: i) showing the advances in infant milk formula to best mimic breastfeeding and the in vitro models that study newborn digestion, ii) combining tradition and new consumer expectations on emblematic dairy products, such as yogurt and fermented milk products, iii) defining optimal cheese-making practices to control both cheese quality and yield, iv) outlining the current research approaches to meet "consum'actor" demands, as well as those dealing with v) the fouling and cleaning of dairy equipment in a context of increasingly constrained water and energy use.
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Numerical Methods for Strong Nonlinearities in Mechanics
by Various Authors
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Numerical Methods for Strong Nonlinearities in Mechanics deals with recent advances in the numerical treatment of contact/friction and damage phenomena. Although physically distinct, these phenomena both lead to a strong nonlinearity in the mechanical problem, therefore limiting the regularity of the problem, which is now non-differentiable.
This has two direct consequences: on the one hand, the mathematical characteristics of the problem deviate from wellestablished forms, requiring innovative discretization schemes; on the other hand, the low regularity makes it particularly difficult to solve the corresponding large-scale algebraic systems robustly and efficiently. In addition, neither the uniqueness, nor the existence of solutions, remain assured, resulting in bifurcation points, limit loads and structural instabilities, which are always tricky to overcome numerically.
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Inversion and Data Assimilation in Remote Sensing
by Yajing Yan
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Remote sensing data are now the primary sources for observing Earth and the Universe. Data inversion and assimilation techniques are the main tools for estimating and predicting the geophysical parameters that characterize the evolution of our planet and the Universe, using remote sensing data.
Inversion and Data Assimilation in Remote Sensing explores recent advances in the inversion and assimilation of remote sensing data. It presents traditional and current neural network methods, as well as a number of topics where these methods have been developed or adapted to suit the specific nature of the field. The assimilation section covers prediction problems in volcanology and glaciology. Lastly, the inversion section covers biomass inversion using SAR images, bio-physio-hydrological inversion in coastal areas using multi- and hyperspectral images, and astrophysical inversion using telescope data.
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Heat and Cold Storage, Volume 2
by Various Authors
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Heat and Cold Storage 2 focuses on thermochemical sorption storage processes – that is, absorption, adsorption and chemical sorption.
This book first analyzes the principles of sorption and defines the criteria for selecting the materials to be used, before presenting the three sorption storage technologies. It details the functioning of the absorption cycle in order to highlight the future challenges of this method. Next, the book examines storage by physical adsorption. Then, it presents the fundamentals of this phenomenon and a description of solid-gas adsorption cycles and systems, followed by a number of examples of prototype installations. Finally, the book describes the phenomenon of heat storage by chemical sorption from the scale of the reactive material to the scale of the process, before putting the state of the art of possible improvements into perspective and illustrating various applications.
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Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems
by Various Authors
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The advent of the automated and connected vehicle will require the implementation of high-performance communication systems: Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). However, controlling and managing these C-ITS is complex. A number of points need to be jointly considered: 1) a high level of performance to guarantee the Quality of Service requirements of vehicular applications (latency, bandwidth, etc.); 2) a sufficient level of security to guarantee the correct operation of applications; and 3) the implementation of an architecture that guarantees interoperability between different communication systems.
In response to these issues, this book presents new solutions for the management and control of Intelligent and Cooperative Transport Systems. The proposed solutions have different objectives, ranging from increased safety to higher levels of performance and the implementation of new, more energyefficient mechanisms.
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Bioreactor Implementation in the Agro-Food Industries
by Various Authors
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The use of bioreactors in food ingredient production has expanded rapidly in recent years. These processes create a controlled environment that is tailored to the specific needs of each microorganism, while also minimizing their environmental impact.
However, to optimize the implementation of these processes, it is necessary to master a number of scientific concepts relating to material and heat balances, thermodynamics, microbial kinetics, extrapolation and agitation techniques, as well as the techno-economic analysis of processes.
This book aims to provide an exhaustive and precise presentation of all of these concepts, making them accessible to students, researchers and professionals alike.
Bioreactor Implementation in the Agro-Food Industries is structured in two complementary parts. The first part outlines the essential principles of bioreactor engineering. This knowledge is essential if we are to master the biological and physico-chemical processes that take place in bioreactors.
The second part presents practical examples of the use of bioreactors for the production of several ingredients and metabolites of interest.
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Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution
by Various Authors
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Since their discovery by Barbara McClintock in the mid-20th century, the importance of transposable elements in shaping the architecture, function and evolution of genomes has gradually been unveiled.
These DNA sequences populate nearly all genomes and are viewed as genomic parasites. They are mobile, capable of proliferating within genomes and also commonly travel between species.
These elements are mutagenic and are responsible for several human genetic disorders, but they also constitute a major source of genetic diversity. Some insertions have beneficial effects for the host and are selected for, giving rise to significant evolutionary innovations. Their dynamics within genomes are intricate, as are their interactions with other genome components. To limit their proliferation, the genome has evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms.
While researchers commonly use these elements as genetic tools, their identification in newly sequenced genomes remains a challenge due not only to their extensive diversity, but also their large copy numbers.
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Heat and Cold Storage, Volume 1
by Various Authors
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Heat and Cold Storage 1 is dedicated to sensible and latent heat storage processes.
Beginning with some theoretical reminders, this book presents the main situations of low-temperature and high-temperature sensible storage for electricity generation. It also analyzes latent storage on phase-change materials (PCMs) from a fundamental standpoint, presenting the mechanisms to prepare PCMs and their integration into heat and cold storage processes. The most promising materials are presented, along with ways of improving the materials studied. Notions of technico-economic profitability are also defined.
Finally, the book looks at heat storage in thermodynamic solar power plants and the wide variety of physical storage principles involved.
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Everyday Mobility and Health
by Various Authors
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Everyday mobility is neither favorable nor unfavorable to health. While it can facilitate social interactions, increase access to remote services, or encourage physical activity, it can also generate pollution, promote the spread of epidemics or cause traffic accidents.
This book presents different facets of the relationship between daily mobility and health, focusing on the environments (geographical, social and political) that people live and move around in. It analyzes the role of mobility in the mechanisms of environmental exposure and diffusion, as well as the resulting health inequalities. It deals with active modes of travel (mainly walking and cycling) and the local contexts that are conducive to them. Finally, it offers a critical reading of the place given to everyday mobility in policies to combat obesity and rationalize regional healthcare provision.
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Global Settlement Dynamics
by Various Authors
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There are currently over eight billion people on Earth: how did we arrive at the current distribution of humans on the planet? What shape is it taking, and how will it evolve?
This book proposes an original answer to this, which is based on the explicit desire to place settlement at the heart of its questioning, by varying the level of analysis from global to local. After recalling how humans colonized the entire planet, this book presents their current distribution, which is predominantly urban.
Population dynamics (birth rate, death rate and migration) are driving changes – including the demographic decline of certain regions – which are presented and explained from the angle of residential mobility and international migration, as well as the impact of ongoing climate change. Global Settlement Dynamics concludes with a discussion of the future of these settlements, based on data from the United Nations, and the question of the sustainability of human settlements on Earth.
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Recycling, a Challenge for the Circular Economy
by Michel Cathelineau
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Reducing consumption is now an absolute necessity for the future of our environment. The circular economy is designed to reduce resource wastage and waste production, but also enables waste recovery, leading to the creation of secondary resources. All materials, regardless of how they have been processed, can be reused.
Recycling, a Challenge for the Circular Economy begins its analysis by raising awareness of the role of each of us in reducing the volume of individual waste. The book then outlines the strategies and challenges involved in recycling a wide range of materials, from minimally processed (wood, glass, building materials or polluted soil) to highly processed (electrical and electronic waste, batteries, magnets or plastics).
Aspects of resource availability are also discussed, as well as ways of addressing the dynamic cycle of materials in the context of ever-increasing demand.
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Salt Crystallization in Porous Media
by Various Authors
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The crystallization of one or multiple salts in porous media (rocks, soils, building materials, etc.) is a subject of major interest in connection with numerous issues such as soil salinization, evaporation, CO2 injection into saline aquifers, the durability of building materials and the preservation of our cultural heritage.
Salt Crystallization in Porous Media provides an interdisciplinary review of the key scientific knowledge required to understand this field of research, and illustrates the issues involved through a series of concrete examples.
This book has been written for students completing their Master's level degree or higher in the field, as well as researchers and engineers interested in this research. It may also be of interest to a wider readership, as certain sections can be used to illustrate basic concepts, reaching beyond the subject of salt crystallization itself.
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Development and the Sustainable City
by Nadège Gunia
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This book examines the city and its rapid growth, as well as the sustainability issues it poses, in several ways. First, there is a critical approach to development, as expressed by the concept of sustainable development. The city, as a complex system, primarily refers to questions of sustainability performance, which we believe to be capable of resolving problems and difficulties, even when viewed from a local perspective, and therefore from the point of view of the areas in which it must act.
Lastly, the issue of sustainability cannot be addressed without contemplating and concluding how acceptable it is to the populations concerned. All challenges raised by the urban character of the city are therefore linked to the more general question of how to define the concept of sustainable development and the sustainable city as a key area of concern.
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Discrete-Event Simulation
by Abdessalem Jerbi
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The use of discrete-event simulation in various fields, such as in industry, logistics and public health, has really taken off over the last few decades. The implementation of discrete-event simulation does however require an understanding, and perhaps even a mastery, of precise theoretical and methodological principles.
Discrete-Event Simulation presents the key concepts involved in any discrete-event simulation project, covering the most frequently used techniques for analysing data and results, the methodological and practical aspects of implementing discrete-event simulation, along with an introduction to the use of the "Arena" discrete-event simulation tool. This book combines the elements presented with applied examples, as well as numerous examples of simulation projects in various fields.
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Encyclopedia of Professionalization
by Didier Demaziere
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Professionalization has become a given in the worlds of work and education. For a wide variety of professions, public and private organizations and training and further education courses, professionalization is an inescapable reality. However, it takes on diverse, even contradictory meanings, according to what it represents: a managerial imperative imposed by public or managerial policies, or a set of goals defined by an ideal of service or quality of work.
The purpose of Encyclopedia of Professionalization is to discuss the current challenges facing professionalization and, by exploring major research traditions, to clarify the meanings associated with this concept and the various phenomena it encompasses.
Three major notions of professionalization are examined: the manufacturing of professions in pursuit of autonomy, the rise of professionalisms embodying notions of a job well done, and the construction of renewed professionalities at the very heart of work situations and training systems.
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Design and Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocol
by Martine Wahl
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Design and Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocol examines ad hoc communications between vehicles in a road environment. In this context, the book questions the sustainability of communications-dependent driver assistance services in areas where no communications infrastructure is operational.
Starting with an ad hoc routing protocol proposed by the authors, this book presents a methodology from its design to its evaluation. It presents the functional requirements-based design approach and offers analyses to help us understand how the protocol functions, its properties and its performance in relation to target applications.
This book is primarily aimed at beginners in the fields of protocol engineering, ad hoc networks or intelligent transport systems, but also provides specialists with an original perspective on the scientific literature in these fields. In particular, it offers concrete tools to help them develop their own methods for designing and evaluating communications protocols.
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Handling and Mapping Geographic Information
by Various Authors
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With the increasing proliferation of data and the systematization of geographic information referencing, maps are now a major concern – not only for specialists, but also for urban planning and development organizations and the general public. However, while producing a map may seem straightforward, the actual process of transforming data into a useful map with a specific purpose is characterized by a series of precise operations that require knowledge in a variety of fields: statistics, geography, cartography and so on.
Handling and Mapping Geographic Information presents a wide range of operations based on a variety of examples. Each chapter adopts a different approach, explaining the methodological choices made in relation to the theme and the pursued objective.
This approach, encompassing the entire map production process, will enable all readers, whether students, researchers, teachers or planners, to understand the multiple roles that maps can play in the analysis of geographical data.
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Territorial Analysis of Environments
by Etienne Cossart
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Territories are currently faced with a wide range of environmental challenges, but suffer from a lack of access to the information and biophysical data that characterizes these challenges.
Territorial Analysis of Environments sheds light on how the data produced on environmental change needs to be processed, completed and disseminated so that local players can take ownership of it. The aim is to present methods for developing local, regional or even global indicators of the changes underway, as well as to understand the logic of the players acting in a given area.
To this end, this book places great emphasis on the notions of systems and the modeling approaches used to formalize them. It also presents the data available, and the methods for developing an analysis of their spatial dimension. This is based on a wide range of case studies, combining environmental data and stakeholder games.
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Machine Learning in Geomechanics 2
by Various Authors
(0)
Machine learning has led to incredible achievements in many different fields of science and technology. These varied methods of machine learning all offer powerful new tools to scientists and engineers and open new paths in geomechanics.
The two volumes of Machine Learning in Geomechanics aim to demystify machine learning. They present the main methods and provide examples of its applications in mechanics and geomechanics. Most of the chapters provide a pedagogical introduction to the most important methods of machine learning and uncover the fundamental notions underlying them.
Building from the simplest to the most sophisticated methods of machine learning, the books give several hands-on examples of coding to assist readers in understanding both the methods and their potential and identifying possible pitfalls.
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Materials and Processes for Nuclear Energy Today and in the Future
by Various Authors
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As a low carbon energy source, nuclear energy plays a reinforced role in a sustainable electricity mix. However, strengthening the share of nuclear energy implies the guarantee of safe, long-term operation of current systems and potentially the fostering of new constructions. Service life extension – as well as the design of future nuclear power plants – relies on the availability of robust and qualified structural materials, and their manufacturing processes. The science and engineering of materials are key in selecting robust material solutions and predicting aging mechanisms.
Materials and Processes for Nuclear Energy Today and in the Future reviews different reactor concepts and fuel management systems. Nuclear equipment has to maintain integrity under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, radiation, loads and/or corrosive environments. This book analyzes the requirements on components, and introduces reference solutions regarding materials and processes. It describes the materials' main properties, their limits and the current R&D trends. Lastly, innovations are discussed, such as materials with enhanced properties, advanced manufacturing or using AI.
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