Country Diagnostic Studies
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Tajikistan
Promoting Export Diversification and Growth
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Building on robust economic growth since the end of a civil war in 1997, Tajikistan has transformed itself into a service economy driven by consumer spending fueled by strong remittance inflow. Yet the transfer of resources to high value-added sectors has been restrained, and structural change has generated few new jobs. Without sufficient employment opportunities in the services and industrial sectors, agriculture became the fallback for most of the labor force. To continue its economic growth, Tajikistan requires new drivers from a diversified industry sector and a modernized economy through structural transformation and export diversification.
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Thailand
Industrialization and Economic Catch-Up
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Thailand's economic and social transformation of the last 50 years has placed it in the ranks of upper middle-income countries and made it an integral part of global value chains. It has also established itself as a regional hub for key transport and logistics, with a world-class airport. To continue its rise, Thailand needs to move into the higher-value segments of economic activity and create high-quality jobs that are regionally broader based. This report identifies the major constraints to accomplishing these goals and analyzes the main challenges. Among them, the country must: enhance research and development and international technology transfers; elevate worker skills and their industrial relevance; address structural impediments to competition, notably in services; provide advanced transport and logistics infrastructure; and improve access to finance and technology for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises.
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Fiji
Building Inclusive Institutions for Sustained Growth
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
From 2010 onward, Fiji witnessed one of its strongest spells of economic growth since independence. Extreme poverty is in the single digits, but nearly a third of the population is unable to meet basic needs. Fiji thus faces two major challenges: to create a business environment that can attract more private investment to help sustain its growth momentum, and to make that growth inclusive so that all of Fiji can benefit. This country diagnostic study undertaken by the Asian Development Bank identifies the critical constraints to inclusive growth in Fiji and proposes policy options for addressing them.
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Uzbekistan Quality Job Creation as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Economic Growth
Country Diagnostic Study
by Kym Anderson
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Uzbekistan has achieved sustained growth through its gradual transition to a market-based economy through cautious economic policy reforms. Despite its gradual approach to development challenges, the country experienced the smallest output decline among former Soviet economies and enjoyed high rates of economic growth from 2004 to 2015, largely driven by the high prices of its major export commodities. However, the drop in the global prices of many key commodities in recent years have severely impacted Uzbekistan's economy. Under these circumstances, the new government introduced major reforms. The pace of reform is unprecedented. The government has formulated its long-term economic strategy in its Vision 2030, which aims to double the country's gross domestic product by 2030 through a program of economic diversification. This book analyzes how Uzbekistan can boost sustainable economic growth to create more and better jobs. It considers how the country can consolidate achievements from recent policy reforms and maintain reform efforts to accelerate sustainable growth. Policy recommendations cover fostering macroeconomic stability, increasing investment in physical infrastructure, enhancing human capital, improving firms' access to finance, and lowering barriers to international trade and foreign investment inflows.
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Azerbaijan: Moving Toward More Diversified, Resilient, and Inclusive Development
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Azerbaijan has set the course for the economy to reduce its dependence on oil by promoting new drivers of growth. By 2025, under the government's Strategic Roads Maps, a more diversified economy should take shape led by three sectors: agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. Bold reforms need to strengthen areas of the economy that could otherwise impede this transition, and policy makers must resolutely stay on the reform path. The core message of this publication is diversification toward non-oil sources of growth alongside efforts to reduce macroeconomic risks and the high cost of finance, make the education system responsive to the needs of the labor market, close infrastructure gaps, and help economically significant state-owned enterprises become more efficient.
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The Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Pakistan
Country Diagnostics Assessment
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This publication seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Pakistan. It focuses on insurance and other risk transfer instruments and explores the current application of disaster risk financing solutions by the government, businesses, and individual households; related demand and supply constraints; and opportunities for improvement. This is one of a series of country diagnostics assessments that used a common methodology to determine the state of the enabling environment for disaster risk financing.
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The Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Fiji
Country Diagnostics Assessment
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This country diagnostic assessment seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Fiji, focusing on insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It explores the current application of disaster risk financing solutions by the government, businesses, and individual households; related demand and supply constraints; and opportunities for improvement. The assessment forms one of a series of country diagnostics undertaken using a common methodology to determine the state of the enabling environment for disaster risk financing.
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The Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Sri Lanka
Country Diagnostics Assessment
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This country diagnostic assessment seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Sri Lanka, focusing on insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It explores the current application of disaster risk financing solutions by the government, businesses, and individual households; related demand and supply constraints; and opportunities for improvement. The assessment forms one of a series of country diagnostics undertaken using a common methodology to determine the state of the enabling environment for disaster risk financing.
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Lao PDR
Accelerating Structural Transformation for Inclusive Growth
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has shown remarkable progress by consistently building itself into a market-oriented economy, with economic growth in 1986-2016 averaging around 6. 5% per annum. The rapid and sustained growth brought about changes in the structure of output, but did not alter job composition: resource-based products still dominate in industry, low value-added jobs in services, and 65% of the labor force in agriculture. This country diagnostic study provides comprehensive analysis and identifies promising new drivers of growth which the Lao PDR can develop to diversify its production structure and speed up structural transformation.
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Bangladesh
Consolidating Export-led Growth
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Bangladesh has transformed its economy over the last 2 decades, graduating to middle-income status as average annual growth remained strong at 5%–6%. The country's goal to become an upper-middle-income country by 2021 will require even stronger annual growth of 7.5%–8%. This study finds that the most critical constraints to growth are (i) insufficient reliable energy supply, (ii) policies that indirectly stunt development of economic activities unrelated to ready-made garment exports, and (iii) insufficient security about property and land rights due in part to inadequate registry systems. If policies are designed to urgently tackle these constraints, Bangladesh will be free to harness its potential for inclusive and sustainable growth.
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Myanmar
Unlocking the Potential
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
After 3 years of historic reforms, Myanmar has entered a pivotal stage in its socioeconomic development. Natural, cultural, and demographic advantages are positioning the country for long-term success, but many challenges and potential pitfalls lie ahead. This publication examines how to leverage the opportunities and offers solutions to the challenges. For Myanmar to achieve its economic transition, considerable investments will have to be made in infrastructure and developing human capital, and progress made on building institutional capacity, a regulatory environment for the private sector to flourish, and a modern finance sector. In all reform efforts, the government should embrace good governance, and strive for inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and regionally connected growth. Ensuring that the benefits of growth are shared broadly and regionally balanced stands out in a crowded development agenda.
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Cambodia
Diversifying Beyond Garments and Tourism
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Cambodia has enjoyed over two decades of robust growth, with rising foreign investment and deepening integration into global and regional value chains. The country---once riven by civil war and conflict---is now politically stable and increasingly making its mark as the world's eighth-largest rice producer, Asia's 10th largest garment exporter, and a rising tourist destination. Yet Cambodia faces considerable challenges. It suffers from major infrastructure deficits; limited skills development and education quality; and weaknesses in governance. Fiscal resources are also stretched. Moreover, for a successful transition to a modern industrialized economy, Cambodia needs to diversify and upgrade its productive capabilities. This publication examines the opportunities and the challenges, and offers recommendations for long-term socioeconomic strategy.
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Country Diagnostic Study on Long-Term Care in Thailand
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This publication presents findings of a study on the availability and provision of long-term care (LTC) in Thailand, including the need for and supply of LTC, regulatory and policy frameworks, service provision, quality management, human resources, and financing. Analysis, conclusions, and recommendations for the development of LTC systems in Thailand are also included. It contributes to the development of an in-depth knowledge base on LTC policies, programs, and systems. It is one of six country diagnostic studies-the others on Indonesia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Tonga, and Viet Nam-prepared under the Asian Development Bank technical assistance 9111: Strengthening Developing Member Countries' Capacity in Elderly Care.
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Assessing the Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing
A Country Diagnostics Tool Kit
by Asian Development Bank
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
Disasters damage and destroy infrastructure and disrupt economic activities and services, potentially delaying long-term development and hampering efforts to reduce poverty in the region. Countries require a strong enabling environment for disaster risk financing to ensure the timely availability of post-disaster funding. This report presents a comprehensive diagnostics tool kit that countries can apply to assess the financial management of disaster risk. The framework examines the state of the enabling environment and provides a basis to enhance financial resilience with insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It incorporates lessons from the country diagnostics assessments for Fiji, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka that made use of the tool kit and methodology.
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Reforms, Opportunities, and Challenges for State-Owned Enterprises
by Edimon Ginting
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play significant roles in developing economies in Asia and SOE performance remains crucial for economy-wide productivity and growth. This book looks at SOEs in Azerbaijan, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, and Viet Nam, which together present a panoramic view of SOEs in the region. It also presents insights from the Republic of Korea on the evolving role of the public sector in various stages of development. It explores corporate governance challenges and how governments could reform SOEs to make them efficient drivers of the long-term productivity-induced growth essential to Asia's transition to high-income status.
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Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Diagnostic of Selected Sectors in Nepal
by Asian Development Bank
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This publication presents a gender equality and social inclusion (GeSi) analysis of six priority sectors in Nepal: agriculture and natural resources management, energy, skills development, urban development, transport and water, and sanitation and hygiene. The publication identifies practical ways in which gender equality, social inclusion, and women's empowerment approaches can be integrated into each of these sectors. The diagnostic aims to inform the GeSi initiatives of the Government of Nepal, the Asian development Bank, and other development partners of the country.
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Mongolia's Economic Prospects
Resource-Rich and Landlocked Between Two Giants
by Various Authors
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This publication examines Mongolia's recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia's potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.
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The Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Nepal
Country Diagnostics Assessment
by Asian Development Bank
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
This country diagnostics assessment seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Nepal, focusing on insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It explores the current application of disaster risk financing solutions by the government, businesses, and individual households; related demand and supply constraints; and opportunities for improvement. The assessment forms one of a series of country diagnostics undertaken using a common methodology to determine the state of the enabling environment for disaster risk financing.
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Kyrgyz Republic: Improving Growth Potential
by Asian Development Bank
Part of the Country Diagnostic Studies series
The Kyrgyz Republic has overcome some complex challenges to now have one of the most open economies in Central Asia. The country has improved its per capita income and living standards and is on the threshold of becoming a lower-middle-income economy. Looking ahead, the main challenge for the Kyrgyz Republic is to build on these successes to stimulate stronger, more broad-based economic growth. This book identifies the economic and governance reforms needed within key sectors to drive this growth. It provides policy suggestions to enhance the country's trade, agriculture, tourism, finance, information and communications technology, energy, transport and logistics, and human capital.
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