Advanced Material

“Advanced Material Interfaces” is a state-of-the-art look at innovative methodologies and strategies adopted for interfaces and their applications. The 13 chapters are written by eminent researchers not only elaborate complex interfaces fashioned of solids, liquids, and gases, but also ensures cross-disciplinary mixture and blends of physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering and life sciences. Advanced interfaces operate fundamental roles in essentially all integrated devices. It is therefore of the utmost urgency to focus on how newly-discovered fundamental constituents and interfacial progressions can be materialized and used for precise purposes. Interfaces are associated in wide multiplicity of application spectrum from chemical catalysis to drug functions and the advancement is funneled by fine-tuning of our fundamental understanding of the interface effects.

The present book covers the recent advances in the development on the regulation of such theragnosis system and their biomedical perspectives to act as a future nanomedicine. “Advanced Theranostics Materials” is written by a distinguished group of contributors and provides comprehensive coverage of the current literature, up-to-date overview of all aspects of advanced theranostics materials ranging from system biology, diagnostics, imaging, image-guided therapy, therapeutics, biosensors, and translational medicine and personalized medicine, as well as the much broader task of covering most topics of biomedical research. The books focusses on the following topics: Part 1: System biology and translational medicine • Aberrant Signaling Pathways: Hallmark of Cancer Cells and Target for Nanotherapeutics • Application of Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment • Biomacromolecule-Gated Mesoporous Silica Drug Delivery Systems • Construction of Functional DNA Nanostructures for Theranostic Applications • Smart Polypeptide Nanocarriers for Malignancy Therapeutics Part 2: Imaging and therapeutics • Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a localized delivery system in cancer immunotherapy • Cardiovascular nanomedicine • Chitosan-based systems for sustained drug release • Nanocapsules in biomedicine: promises and challenges • Chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes: characteristics and application in formulation of particulate drug carriers Part 3: Diagnostics and featured prognostics • Non-invasive Glucose Biosensors based on Nanomaterials • Self/directed Assembly of Nanoparticles: A review on various approaches • Ion exchangers—an open window for the development of advanced materials with pharmaceutical and medical applications New Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Ceramic materials are inorganic and non-metallic porcelains, tiles, enamels, cements, glasses and refractory bricks. Today, "ceramics" has gained a wider meaning as a new generation of materials influence on our lives; electronics, computers, communications, aerospace and other industries rely on a number of their uses. In general, advanced ceramic materials include electro-ceramics, optoelectronic-ceramics, superconductive ceramics and the more recent development of piezoelectric and dielectric ceramics. They can be considered for their features including mechanical properties, decorative textures, environmental uses, energy applications, as well as their usage in bio-ceramics, composites, functionally graded materials, intelligent ceramics and so on. “Advanced Ceramic Materials” brings together a group of subject matter experts who describe innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of the advanced ceramic materials. The book is written for readers from diverse backgrounds across chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, medical science, pharmacy, environmental technology, biotechnology, and biomedical engineering. It offers a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on ceramic materials and technologies. Divided into 3 parts concerning design, composites and functionality, the topics discussed include: • Chemical strategies of epitaxial oxide ceramics nanomaterials • Biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic calcium orthophosphates • Microwave assisted processing of advanced ceramic composites • Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites • Yytria and magnesia doped alumina ceramic • Oxidation induced crack healing • SWCNTs vs MWCNTs reinforcement agents • Organic and inorganic wastes in clay brick production • Functional tantalum oxides • Application of silver tin research on hydroxyapatite

This comprehensive and unique book is intended to cover the vast and fast-growing field of electrical and electronic materials and their engineering in accordance with modern developments. Basic and pre-requisite information has been included for easy transition to more complex topics. Latest developments in various fields of materials and their sciences/engineering, processing and applications have been included. Latest topics like PLZT, vacuum as insulator, fiber-optics, high temperature superconductors, smart materials, ferromagnetic semiconductors etc. are covered. Illustrations and examples encompass different engineering disciplines such as robotics, electrical, mechanical, electronics, instrumentation and control, computer, and their inter-disciplinary branches. A variety of materials ranging from iridium to garnets, microelectronics, micro alloys to memory devices, left-handed materials, advanced and futuristic materials are described in detail.

The engineering of materials with advanced features is driving the research towards the design of innovative materials with high performances. New materials often deliver the best solution for structural applications, precisely contributing towards the finest combination of mechanical properties and low weight. The mimicking of nature's principles lead to a new class of structural materials including biomimetic composites, natural hierarchical materials and smart materials. Meanwhile, computational modeling approaches are the valuable tools complementary to experimental techniques and provide significant information at the microscopic level and explain the properties of materials and their very existence. The modeling also provides useful insights to possible strategies to design and fabricate materials with novel and improved properties. The book brings together these two fascinating areas and offers a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on materials interfaces and technologies the engineering materials. The topics covered in this book are divided into 2 parts: Engineering of Materials, Characterizations & Applications and Computational Modeling of Materials. The chapters include the following: • Mechanical and resistance behavior of structural glass beams • Nanocrystalline metal carbides-microstructure characterization • SMA-reinforced laminated glass panel • Sustainable sugarcane bagasse cellulose for papermaking • Electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering • Bio-inspired composites • Density functional theory for studying extended systems • First principles based approaches for modeling materials • Computer aided materials design • Computational materials for stochastic electromagnets • Computational methods for thermal analysis of heterogeneous materials • Modelling of resistive bilayer structures • Modeling tunneling of superluminal photons through Brain Microtubules • Computer aided surgical workflow modeling • Displaced multiwavelets and splitting algorithms

Composites materials is basically the combining of unique properties of materials to have synergistic effects. A combination of materials is needed to adapt to certain properties for any application area. There is an everlasting desire to make composite materials stronger, lighter or more durable than traditional materials. Carbon materials are known to be attractive in composites because of their combination of chemical and physical properties. In the recent years, development of new composites has been influenced by precision green approaches that restrict hazardous substances and waste created during production. This book ranges from the fundamental principles underpinning the fabrication of different composite materials to their devices, for example, applications in energy harvesting, memory devices, electrochemical biosensing and other advanced composite-based biomedical applications. This book provides a compilation of innovative fabrication strategies and utilization methodologies which are frequently adopted in the advanced composite materials community with respect to developing appropriate composites to efficiently utilize macro and nanoscale features. The key topics are: • Pioneer composite materials for printed electronics • Current-limiting defects in superconductors • High-tech ceramics materials • Carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical biosensing • Nanostructured ceramics and bioceramics for bone cancer • Importance of biomaterials for bone regeneration • Tuning hydroxyapatite particles • Carbon nanotubes reinforced bioceramic composite • Biomimetic prototype interface

Often described as a "miracle material", graphene's potential applications are extraordinary, ranging from nanoscale 'green' technologies, to sensors and future conductive coatings. This book covers the topic of 'graphene'—the history, fundamental properties, methods of production and applications of this exciting new material. The style of the book is both scientific and technical—it is accessible to an audience that has a general, undergraduate-level background in the sciences or engineering, and is aimed at industries considering graphene applications. As the graphene topic is a broad-reaching and rapidly moving field of research, the aim of this book is therefore to provide information about graphene and its current and future applications that are immediately implementable, relevant and concise. After reading this book, the reader will have sufficient knowledge and background to move forward independently into graphene R&D and to apply the knowledge therein. Although the book will be self-contained, each chapter has copious references to enable further reading, research and exploration of the chapter topics.

The subject of advanced materials in catalysis brings together recent advancements in materials synthesis and technologies to the design of novel and smart catalysts used in the field of catalysis. Nanomaterials in general show an important role in chemical processing as adsorbents, catalysts, catalyst supports and membranes, and form the basis of cutting-edge technology because of their unique structural and surface properties. “Advanced Catalytic Materials” is written by a distinguished group of contributors and the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of the current literature, up-to-date overviews of all aspects of advanced materials in catalysis, and present the skills needed for designing and synthesizing advanced materials. The book also showcases many topics concerning the fast-developing area of materials for catalysis and their emerging applications. The book is divided into three parts: Nanocatalysts—Architecture and Design; Organic and Inorganic Catalytic Transformations; and Functional Catalysis: Fundamentals and Applications. Specifically, the chapters discuss the following subjects: • Environmental applications of multifunctional nanocomposite catalytic materials • Transformation of nanostructured functional precursors using soft chemistry • Graphenes in heterogeneous catalysis • Gold nanoparticles-graphene composites material for catalytic application • Hydrogen generation from chemical hydrides • Ring-opening polymerization of poly(lactic acid) • Catalytic performance of metal alkoxides • Cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides over reusable solid catalysts • Biomass derived fine chemicals using catalytic metal bio-composites • Homoleptic metal carbonyls in organic transformation • Zeolites: smart materials for novel, efficient, and versatile catalysis • Optimizing zeolitic catalysis for environmental remediation

This cutting-edge book focuses on the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities. The design and development of biomaterials play a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. When used with highly selective and sensitive biomaterials, cutting-edge biodevices can allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease, creating a platform for research and development, especially in the field of treatment for prognosis and detection of diseases in the early stage. This book emphasizes the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities. The 15 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: • The use of severe plastic deformation technique to enhance the properties of nanostructured metals • Descriptions of the different polymers for use in controlled drug release • Chitin and chitosan as renewable healthcare biopolymers for biomedical applications • Innovated devices such as "label-free biochips" and polymer MEMS • Molecular imprinting and nanotechnology • Prussian Blue biosensing applications • The evaluation of different types of biosensors in terms of their cost effectiveness, selectivity, and sensitivity • Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanocarriers for malignancy therapeutics

Overall, this book presents a detailed and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art development of different nanoscale intelligent materials for advanced applications. Apart from fundamental aspects of fabrication and characterization of nanomaterials, it also covers key advanced principles involved in utilization of functionalities of these nanomaterials in appropriate forms. It is very important to develop and understand the cutting-edge principles of how to utilize nanoscale intelligent features in the desired fashion. These unique nanoscopic properties can either be accessed when the nanomaterials are prepared in the appropriate form, e.g., composites, or in integrated nanodevice form for direct use as electronic sensing devices. In both cases, the nanostructure has to be appropriately prepared, carefully handled, and properly integrated into the desired application in order to efficiently access its intelligent features. These aspects are reviewed in detail in three themed sections with relevant chapters: Nanomaterials, Fabrication and Biomedical Applications; Nanomaterials for Energy, Electronics, and Biosensing; Smart Nanocomposites, Fabrication, and Applications.

This book brings together innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and developments of “Advanced 2D Materials”. Well-known worldwide researchers deliberate subjects on (1) Synthesis, characterizations, modeling and properties, (2) State-of-the-art design and (3) innovative uses of 2D materials including: • Two-dimensional layered gallium selenide • Synthesis of 2D boron nitride nanosheets • The effects of substrates on 2-D crystals • Electrical conductivity and reflectivity of models of some 2D materials • Graphene derivatives in semicrystalline polymer composites • Graphene oxide based multifunctional composites • Covalent and non-covalent polymer grafting of graphene oxide • Graphene-semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuels • Graphene based sensors • Graphene composites from bench to clinic • Photocatalytic ZnO-graphene hybrids • Hydroxyapatite-graphene bioceramics in orthopaedic applications

The book focuses on the role of advanced materials in the food, water and environmental applications. The monitoring of harmful organisms and toxicants in water, food and beverages is mainly discussed in the respective chapters. The senior contributors write on the following topics: • Layered double hydroxides and environment • Corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys of silanes • New generation material for the removal of arsenic from water • Prediction and optimization of heavy clay products quality • Enhancement of physical and mechanical properties of fiber • Environment friendly acrylates latices • Nanoparticles for trace analysis of toxins • Recent development on gold nanomaterial as catalyst • Nanosized metal oxide-based adsorbents for heavy metal removal • Phytosynthesized transition metal nanoparticles-novel functional agents for textiles • Kinetics and equilibrium modeling • Magnetic nanoparticles for heavy metal removal • Potential applications of nanoparticles as antipathogens • Gas barrier properties of biopolymer-based nanocomposites: Application in food packing • Application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for environmental clean up • Environmental application of novel TiO2 nanoparticles

An essential resource for scientists designing new energy materials for the vast landscape of solar energy conversion as well as materials processing and characterization. Based on the new and fundamental research on novel energy materials with tailor-made photonic properties, the role of materials engineering has been to provide much needed support in the development of photovoltaic devices. Advanced Energy Materials offers a unique, state-of-the-art look at the new world of novel energy materials science, shedding light on the subject's vast multi-disciplinary approach. The book focuses particularly on photovoltaics, efficient light sources, fuel cells, energy-saving technologies, energy storage technologies, nanostructured materials as well as innovating materials and techniques for future nanoscale electronics. Pathways to future development are also discussed. Critical, cutting-edge subjects are addressed, including: • Non-imaging focusing heliostat; state-of-the-art of nanostructures • Metal oxide semiconductors and their nanocomposites • Superionic solids; polymer nanocomposites; solid electrolytes; advanced electronics • Electronic and optical properties of lead sulfide • High-electron mobility transistors and light-emitting diodes • Anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals; PEEK membrane for fuel cells • Advanced phosphors for energy-efficient lighting • Molecular computation photovoltaics and photocatalysts • Photovoltaic device technology and non-conventional energy applications Readership The book is written for a large and broad readership including researchers and university graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, physics, and engineering working in the fields of nanotechnology, photovoltaic device technology, and non-conventional energy.

The evolution in the nanotechnology world clearly signifies a need for a broader understanding of the subject and this book will contribute to the effort. Nanostructure science and technology is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development that has been growing explosively in the past decades. The contents of this book include mainly the fundamentals of nanoparticles, state-of-the-art in synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, as well the influence of nanomaterials on the analytical systems (macro to micro & lab-on-a-chip) for biomedical, environmental and engineering applications. This book seeks to broaden the understanding of modern developments in nanomaterials and comprises excellent contributions from subject matter experts working on most aspects of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

The expansion of carbon materials is multidisciplinary and is related to physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciences and engineering. The research on carbon materials has mostly focused on aspects of fundamental physics as they unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties applicable for the range of applications. The electrons in graphene and other derived carbon materials behave as dirac fermions due to their interaction with the ions of the lattice. This direction has led to the discovery of new phenomena such as Klein tunneling in carbon-based solid-state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology presents cutting-edge chapters on the processing, properties and technological developments of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon particles and other carbon-based structures including multifunctional graphene sheets, graphene quantum dots, bulky balls, carbon balls, and their polymer composites. This book brings together respected international scholars writing on the innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in carbon materials research area including • Synthesis, characterization and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene • Surface modification of graphene • Carbon based nanostructured materials • Graphene and carbon nanotube based electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental monitoring • Carbon catalysts for hydrogen storage materials • Optical carbon nanoobjects • Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors • Carbon doped cryogel films • Bioimpact of carbon nanomaterials • Photocatalytic nature of carbon nanotube-based composites • Engineering behavior of ash fills • Fly ash syntactic foams microstructure

Presents a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of the major cutting-edge technology research areas-especially those on new materials and methods as well as advanced structures and properties-for various sensor and detection devices. The development of sensors and detectors at macroscopic or nanometric scale is the driving force stimulating research in sensing materials and technology for accurate detection in solid, liquid, or gas phases; contact or non-contact configurations; or multiple sensing. The emphasis on reduced-scale detection techniques requires the use of new materials and methods. These techniques offer appealing perspectives given by spin crossover organic, inorganic, and composite materials that could be unique for sensor fabrication. The influence of the length, composition, and conformation structure of materials on their properties, and the possibility of adjusting sensing properties by doping or adding the side-groups, are indicative of the starting point of multifarious sensing. The role of intermolecular interactions, polymer and ordered phase formation, as well as behavior under pressure and magnetic and electric fields are also important facts for processing ultra-sensing materials. The 15 chapters written by senior researchers in Advanced Sensor and Detection Materials cover all these subjects and key features under three foci: 1) principals and perspectives, 2) new materials and methods, and 3) advanced structures and properties for various sensor devices.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an important functional material because of their potential implications in diverse research fields. The materials have been developed for a range of uses including separation, environmental, biomedical and sensor applications. In this book, the chapters are clustered into two main sections: Strategies to be employed when using the affinity materials, and rational design of MIPs for advanced applications. In the first part, the book covers the recent advances in producing MIPs for sample design, preparation and characterizations. In the second part, the chapters demonstrate the importance and novelty of creation of recognition imprinted on the materials and surfaces for a range of microbial detection sensors in the biomedical, environmental and food safety fields as well as sensing human odor and virus monitoring systems. Part 1: Strategies of affinity materials • Molecularly imprinted polymers • MIP nanomaterials • Micro-and nanotraps for solid phase extraction • Carbonaceous affinity nanomaterials • Fluorescent MIPs • MIP-based fiber optic sensors Part 2: Rational design of MIP for advanced applications • MIP-based biomedical and environmental sensors • Affinity adsorbents for environmental biotechnology • MIP in food safety • MIP-based virus monitoring • MIP-based drug delivery and controlled release • Biorecognition imprints on the biosensor surfaces • MIP-based sensing of volatile organic compounds in human body odour • MIP-based microcantilever sensor system

Offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials for healthcare technology and applications. Advanced healthcare materials are attracting strong interest in fundamental as well as applied medical science and technology. This book summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of advanced materials for functional therapeutics, point-of-care diagnostics, translational materials, and up-and-coming bioengineering devices. Advanced Healthcare Materials highlights the key features that enable the design of stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles, novel biomaterials, and nano/micro devices for either diagnosis or therapy, or both, called theranostics. It also presents the latest advancements in healthcare materials and medical technology. The senior researchers from global knowledge centers have written topics including: • State-of-the-art of biomaterials for human health • Micro-and nanoparticles and their application in biosensors • The role of immunoassays • Stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles • Diagnosis and treatment of cancer • Advanced materials for biomedical application and drug delivery • Nanoparticles for diagnosis and/or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease • Hierarchical modelling of elastic behavior of human dental tissue • Biodegradable porous hydrogels • Hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound care • Modified natural zeolites • Supramolecular hydrogels based on cyclodextrin poly(pseudo)rotaxane • Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based biomaterials • Biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymers

The book outlines first the importance of Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), which is a natural surface for most of cells. In the following chapters the influence of biological, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of surfaces in micro and nano-scale on stem cell behavior are discussed including the mechanotransduction. Biomimetic and bioinspired approaches are highlighted for developing microenvironment of several tissues, and surface engineering applications are discussed in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and different type of biomaterials in various chapters of the book. This book brings together innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of Advanced Surfaces in Stem Cell Research. Well-known worldwide researchers deliberate subjects including: • Extracellular matrix proteins for stem cell fate • The superficial mechanical and physical properties of matrix microenvironment as stem cell fate regulator • Effects of mechanotransduction on stem cell behavior • Modulation of stem cells behavior through bioactive surfaces • Influence of controlled micro and nanoengineered surfaces on stem cell fate • Nanostructured polymeric surfaces for stem cells • Laser surface modification techniques and stem cells applications • Plasma polymer deposition: a versatile tool for stem cell research • Application of bioreactor concept and modeling techniques in bone regeneration and augmentation treatments • Substrates and surfaces for control of pluripotent stem cell fate and function • Application of biopolymer-based, surface modified devices in transplant medicine and tissue engineering • Silk as a natural biopolymer for tissue engineering

This book covers the recent advances in electrode materials and their novel applications at the cross-section of advanced materials. The book is divided into two sections: State-of-the-art electrode materials; and engineering of applied electrode materials. The chapters deal with electrocatalysis for energy conversion in view of bionanotechnology; surfactant-free materials and polyoxometalates through the concepts of biosensors to renewable energy applications; mesoporous carbon, diamond, conducting polymers and tungsten oxide/conducting polymer-based electrodes and hybrid systems. Numerous approaches are reviewed for lithium batteries, fuel cells, the design and construction of anode for microbial fuel cells including phosphate polyanion electrodes, electrocatalytic materials, fuel cell reactions, conducting polymer-based hybrid nanocomposites and advanced nanomaterials.

The development of finely-tuned materials that adjust in a predictable manner by specific environment change is the recent arena of materials research. It is a newly emerging supra-disciplinary field with huge commercial potential. Stimuli-responsive materials answer by a considerable change in their properties to small changes in their environment. Responsive materials are becoming increasingly more prevalent as scientists learn about the chemistry and triggers that induce conformational changes in materials structures and devise ways to take advantage of and control them. “Responsive Materials and Method” offers state-of-the-art of the stimuli-responsive materials and their potential applications. This collection brings together novel methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of responsive materials and technology.

Because of their unique properties (size, shape, and surface functions), functional materials are gaining significant attention in the areas of energy conversion and storage, sensing, electronics, photonics, and biomedicine. Within the chapters of this book written by well-known researchers, one will find the range of methods that have been developed for preparation and functionalization of organic, inorganic and hybrid structures which are the necessary building blocks for the architecture of various advanced functional materials. The book discusses these innovative methodologies and research strategies, as well as provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the cutting-edge research on the processing, properties and technology developments of advanced functional materials and their applications. Specifically, “Advanced Functional Materials”: • Compiles the objectives related to functional materials and provides detailed reviews of fundamentals, novel production methods, and frontiers of functional materials, including metallic oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, discotic liquid crystalline dimers, calixarenes, crown ethers, chitosan and graphene. • Discusses the production and characterization of these materials, while mentioning recent approaches developed as well as their uses and applications for sensitive chemiresistors, optical and electronic materials, solar hydrogen generation, supercapacitors, display and organic light-emitting diodes, functional adsorbents, and antimicrobial and biocompatible layer formation. This volume in the “Advanced Materials” Book Series includes twelve chapters divided into two main areas: Part 1: Functional Metal Oxides: Architecture, Design and Applications and Part 2: Multifunctional Hybrid Materials: Fundamentals and Frontiers

This book covers the recent advances in the development of bioelectronics systems and their potential application in future biomedical applications starting from system design to signal processing for physiological monitoring, to in situ biosensing. Advanced Bioelectronic Materials contributions from distinguished international scholars whose backgrounds mirror the multidisciplinary readership ranging from the biomedical sciences, biosensors and engineering communities with diverse backgrounds, interests and proficiency in academia and industry. The readers will benefit from the widespread coverage of the current literature, state-of-the-art overview of all facets of advanced bioelectronics materials ranging from real time monitoring, in situ diagnostics, in vivo imaging, image-guided therapeutics, biosensors, and translational biomedical devices and personalized monitoring.

“Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications” brings together innovative methodologies with research and development strategies to provide a detailed state-of-the-art overview of the processing, properties, and technology developments of graphene materials and their wide-ranging applications. The applications areas covered are biosensing, energy storage, environmental monitoring, and health. The book discusses the various methods that have been developed for the preparation and functionalization of single-layered graphene nanosheets. These form the essential building blocks for the bottom-up architecture of various graphene materials because they possess unique physico-chemical properties such as large surface areas, good conductivity and mechanical strength, high thermal stability and desirable flexibility. The electronic behavior in graphene, such as dirac fermions obtained due to the interaction with the ions of the lattice, has led to the discovery of novel miracles like Klein tunneling in carbon-based solid state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. The combination of these properties makes graphene a highly desirable material for applications. In particular, “Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications” has chapters covering: • Graphene and related two-dimensional nanomaterials • Surface functionalization of graphene • Functional three-dimensional graphene networks • Covalent graphene-polymer nanocomposites • Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets • Graphene derivatives for energy storage • Graphene nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors • Graphene nanocomposite-based bulk hetro-junction solar cells • Graphene bimetallic nanocatalysts foam for energy storage and biosensing • Graphene nanocomposites-based for electrochemical sensors • Graphene electrodes for health and environmental monitoring

There is a growing interest in the use of nanoparticles modified with DNAs, viruses, peptides and proteins for the rational design of nanostructured functional materials and their use in biosensor applications. The challenge is to control the organization of biomolecules on nanoparticles while retaining their biological activity as potential chemical and gene therapeutics. These noble metal nanoparticles/biomolecules conjugates have specific properties and therefore they are attractive materials for nanotechnology in biochemistry and medicine. In this book, the author review work performed dealing with the DNA structure and functionalities, interactions between DNA, noble metal nanoparticles, surface active agents, solvents and other additives. Particular attention is given to how the DNA's chain length and the DNA conformation affect the interaction and structure of the nanoconjugates and nanostructures that are formed. Also discussed are the recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of noble metal nanoparticles that are conjugated with DNA aptamers and oligomers. The advantages and disadvantages of functionalized nanoparticles through various detection modes are highlighted, including colorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemistry, SPR, and mass spectrometry for the detection of small molecules and biomolecules. The functionalized noble metal nanoparticles are selective and sensitive for the analytes, showing their great potential in biosensing. Furthermore, this book reviews recent progress in the area of DNA-noble metal nanoparticles based artificial nanostructures, that is, the preparation, collective properties, and applications of various DNA-based nanostructures are also described.

A groundbreaking book on the recent advances in chemical finishing, innovative fabrication strategies frequently adopted for the mechanical finishing of textiles, as well as the environmental issues in textile sectors Advanced materials are undoubtedly becoming very popular as substitutes for traditional materials in the textile engineering field. Advanced textile engineering materials are giving way to innovative textile materials with novel functions and are widely perceived as offering huge potential in a wide range of applications such as healthcare, defense, personal protective equipment, textile antennas, garments for motion capture, and sensors, etc. Advanced Engineering Textile Materials contains 13 chapters written by high profile contributors with many years of experience in textile technology, and cover fundamental and advanced approaches associated with the design and development of textile implants, conductive textiles, 3D textiles, smart-stimuli textiles, antiballistic textiles and fabric structures designed for a medical application intrabody/extra-body, implantable/non-implantable) and various modification and processing techniques.

This comprehensive book deals with the use of novel materials such as plant-derived agents and advanced nanocomposites for the removal of heavy metals, nitrates, and synthetic dyes. Water is an essential component for living organisms on planet earth and its pollution is one of the critical global environmental issues today. The influx of significant quantities of organic and inorganic waste, sediments, surfactants, synthetic dyes, sewage, and heavy metals into all types of water bodies has been increasing substantially over the past century due to rapid industrialization, population growth, agricultural activities, and other geological and environmental changes. These pollutants are very dangerous and are posing serious threat to us all. “Advanced Materials for Wastewater Treatment” brings together innovative methodologies and research strategies to remove toxic effluents from wastewaters. With contributions from leading scientists from all around the world, the book provides a comprehensive coverage of the current literature, up-to-date overviews of all aspects of toxic chemical remediation including the role of nanomaterials. Together they showcase in a very lucid manner an array of technologies that complement the traditional as well as advanced treatment practices of textile effluents. In particular, the book provides: • Up-to-date overviews of all aspects of toxic chemical remediation • The role of plants and abundantly available agro-wastes in the remediation of wastewater • The removal of nitrates from wastewater using nanocomposites

“Advanced Magnetic and Optical Materials” offers detailed up-to-date chapters on the functional optical and magnetic materials, engineering of quantum structures, high-tech magnets, characterization and new applications. It brings together innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of the subject and all the contributors are established specialists in the research area. The 14 chapters are organized in two parts: Part 1: Magnetic Materials • Magnetic Heterostructures and superconducting order • Magnetic Antiresonance in nanocomposites • Magnetic bioactive glass-ceramics for bone healing and hyperthermic treatment of solid tumors • Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles • Magnetic nanomaterial-based anticancer therapy • Theoretical study of strained carbon-based nanobelts: Structural, energetical, electronic, and magnetic properties • Room temperature molecular magnets—Modeling and applications Part 2: Optical Materials • Advances and future of white LED phosphors for solid-state lighting • Design of luminescent materials with "Turn-on/off" response for anions and cations • Recent advancements in luminescent materials and their potential applications • Strongly confined quantum dots: Emission limiting, photonic doping, and magneto-optical effects • Microstructure characterization of some quantum dots synthesized by mechanical alloying • Advances in functional luminescent materials and phosphors • Development in organic light emitting materials and their potential applications

Advanced surfaces enriches the high-throughput engineering of physical and chemical phenomenon in relatin to electrical, magnetic, electronics, thermal and optical controls, as well as large surface areas, protective coatings against water loss and excessive gas exchange. A more sophisticated example could be a highly selective surface permeability allowing passive diffusion and selective transport of molecules in the water or gases. The smart surface technology provides an interlayer model which prevents the entry of substances without affecting the properties of neighboring layers. A number of methods have been developed for coatings, which are essential building blocks for the top-down and/or bottom-up design of numerous functional materials. Advanced Surface Engineering Materials offers a detailed up-to-date review chapters on the functional coatings and adhesives, engineering of nano surfaces, high-tech surface, characterization and new applications. The 13 chapters in this book are divided into 3 parts (Functional coatings and adhesives, Engineering of nano surfaces, High-tech surface, characterization and new applications) and are all written by worldwide subject matter specialists. The book is written for readers from diverse backgrounds across chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, medical science, environmental, bio- and nano- technologies and biomedical engineering. It offers a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on surface engineering materials and their technological importance.

This book provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors as well as the applications of these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also finds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, and personal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation, and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new paradigms in R&D and production. Despite these advances, there is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries. This book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fueling scientific discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. The 14 chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: • ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing • Assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles • Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors • Impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials • Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors • Computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fluorescent protein chromophore • Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles • Bioconjugated-nanoporous gold films in electrochemical biosensors • The combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology • Principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics