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Since its formation the UN Council has been the main "actor" for the maintenance of international security. This essay focuses on the study of the Council and the comparison of the main liberal assumptions with those of the realistic theory. The various liberal authors confronting the international structure, proposing ideas that can develop that international design aimed at creating a project of perpetual peace. Realist thinkers, on the other hand, concentrate their thinking on the concept of power, allowing it to justify a state-centric international vision, in which states use the strength to satisfy their national interests.