The Ancient Near East is considered the cradle of civilization. Mesopotamia is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system. Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia where an empire was created out of the territories of the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad. Assyria was a region on the Upper Tigris whose kings controlled a large kingdom at three different times in history, covering most of the Middle East. Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River. Around the 8th century BC the torch of civilization was taken from the Near East to ancient Greece and Rome. Both Greek and Roman societies flourished and wielded great influence throughout much of Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia. The rise of civilization corresponded with the institutional sponsorship of belief in gods, supernatural forces and the afterlife. Many civilizations adopted their own form of Polytheism and each of these nations developed their own mythologies which influenced the culture, arts, and literature of both Eastern and Western civilization. Myths and Legends of Babylonia & Assyria Myths and Legends of Ancient Egypt Mythology Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
